Fig. 4

Proteins and lipids isolated from adult worms promote the formation of β-haematin. The bovine-derived haem (100 mM) was dissolved in sodium acetate with 20 mg protein (A) and 80 μg lipid (B) of adult female and male worms, respectively. After the reaction was incubated and centrifuged, the wavelength of haemozoin was determined at 400 nm based on a spectrophotometry analysis. Data were from three independent replicates. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA and indicated by asterisks, *p < 0.033, **p < 0.002 and ***p < 0.001