Parameter | No. datasets | No. tested | No. positive | Pooled estimate % based on 95% CI | Heterogeneity I2 % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall prevalence | 41 | ||||
Blood smear | 8 | 886 | 118 | 8.8 (3.0–14.5) | 91.97% |
PCR | 28 | 5219 | 1330 | 21.0 (16.5–25.4) | 98.79% |
RLB | 1 | 85 | 36 | 42.4 (31.8–52.9) | NA |
ELISA | 4 | 868 | 357 | 27.8 (2.4–53.2) | 98.85% |
Regional prevalence | |||||
Africa | 7 | ||||
Blood smear | 1 | 85 | 2 | 2.4 (−0.9 to 5.6) | NA |
PCR | 5 | 1094 | 472 | 30.6 (3.1–58.2) | 99.37% |
RLB | 1 | 85 | 36 | 42.4 (31.8–52.9) | NA |
Asia | 26 | ||||
Blood smear | 7 | 801 | 116 | 9.8 (3.0–16.5) | 92.37% |
PCR | 16 | 2638 | 730 | 22.2 (14.8–29.6) | 98.57% |
ELISA | 3 | 368 | 112 | 20.6 (−5.5 to 46.8 | 98.08% |
South America | 6 | ||||
PCR | 5 | 1339 | 82 | 6.9 (2.2–11.5) | 94.96% |
ELISA | 1 | 500 | 245 | 49.0 (44.6–53.4) | NA |
North America (PCR) | 1 | 88 | 46 | 52.3 (41.8–62.7) | NA |
Europe (PCR) | 1 | 60 | 0 | 0.8 (−1.4 to 3.1) | NA |