Table 4 Worldwide prevalence of C. burnetii infection in buffaloes, and variation in prevalence in relation to the detection method
Parameter | No. datasets | No. tested | No. positive | Pooled estimate % based on 95% CI | Heterogeneity I2 % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall prevalence | 15 | ||||
PCR | 9 | 1360 | 106 | 4.5 (1.9–7.1) | 92.71% |
ELISA | 5 | 987 | 63 | 5.3 (1.4–9.2) | 91.54% |
IFAT | 1 | 156 | 7 | 4.5 (1.2–7.7) | NA |
Regional prevalence | |||||
Africa | 4 | ||||
PCR | 2 | 52 | 0 | 1.9 (−1.7 to 5.4) | 0% |
ELISA | 2 | 457 | 40 | 7.5 (0.4–14.6) | 89.14% |
Asia | 10 | ||||
PCR | 6 | 1144 | 92 | 4.6 (1.5–7.6) | 94.92% |
ELISA | 3 | 530 | 23 | 3.8 (−0.3 to 7.9) | 88.84% |
IFAT | 1 | 156 | 7 | 4.5 (1.2–7.7) | NA |
Europe (PCR) | 1 | 164 | 14 | 8.5 (4.3–12.8) | NA |