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Table 3 Distribution of kdr alleles and its association with phenotypes across study sites and insecticides

From: Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in southern and northern Ghana

Site

Pheno-type

F1534C

P

OR (95% CI)

V1016I

P

OR (95% CI)

V410L

P

OR (95% CI)

 

C

C

FC

FF

CC/

FF

FC/

FF

I

I

VI

VV

II/

VV

VI/

VV

LL

VL

VV

LL/

VV

VL/

VV

Tema

R

50

0

0

0.19

nd

nd

44

5

1

0.00*

17.9 (2.3- 778.5

27.5(1.4- 1413.2

12

2

36

1.0

1.07 (0.3–3.3)

0.81 (0.005- 11.8)

S

38

0

2

27

2

11

9

2

29

Ada

R

31

0

0

0.50

nd

nd

27

0

4

0.02*

3.4(0.85–16)

0 (0- 3.68)

2

1

28

0.30

nd

0.68 (0.01- 13.7)

S

38

0

2

24

4

12

0

2

38

Navrongo

R

54

0

1

1.0

1.38 (0.017–110.6)

nd

53

0

2

0.00*

0 (0 -3.2)

0 (0- 0.23)

14

6

35

0.00 *

nd

nd

S

39

0

1

33

7

0

0

0

40

Accra

R

36

0

0

0.00

nd

nd

35

0

1

0.00*

nd

nd

0

0

36

nd

nd

nd

S

26

14

0

20

20

0

0

0

40

Insecticides

                   

Deltamethrin

R

85

0

0

0.62

nd

nd

80

9

3

1.0

1.12 (0.2–7.5)

1.66(0.2–13.8)

5

1

48

1.0

1.04(0.2–4.1)

0.48(0.009–6.29)

S

139

0

1

118

9

5

7

3

70

Permethrin

R

59

0

0

0.07

nd

nd

56

1

2

0.00*

13.20(2.8–122)

0.375(0.006–7.9)

12

4

43

0.49

2.39(0.4–23.8)

7.162(0.7–357)

S

62

14

4

38

24

18

2

1

77

  1. VV wild type (susceptible), VL heterozygotes, LL mutant (resistant), VI heterozygotes, II mutant (resistant), FF wild type (susceptible), FC heterozygotes, CC mutant (resistant), DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, nd not determined, P Fisher’s exact P-value, *significant (P < 0.05), CI confidence interval