Fig. 5From: Malaria therapeutics: are we close enough?Schematic representation of (a) CSP region I and region II at N-terminal and C-terminal, respectively, and a central repeat region consists of NANP amino acid repeats. The junction region joins central repeat region to N-terminal and a signal sequence and GPI anchor sequence at N-terminal and C-terminal end, respectively. Central repeats (NANP) and junction region induce antibody generation while CD4 and CD8 T-cell epitopes at C-terminal trigger cell-mediated immune response. b RTS,S vaccine consists of B-cell epitopes from central repeat region at N-terminal and T-cell epitopes from region II of CS protein fused with hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) at C-terminal along with three copies of HBsAg (not in fusion with CS protein). c Yeast cell producing VLP (RTS,S and R21 vaccines) expressing CSP antigen on surface fused with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol; CD, clusters of differentiation; CSP, circumsporozoite protein; VLP, virus-like particleBack to article page