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Table 1 Summary of the studies on the sensitivity and specificity of immunological methods for strongyloidiasis

From: From past to present: opportunities and trends in the molecular detection and diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis

Immunological methoda

Population sample

Sensitivity (%)

Specificity (%)

Reference method

References

ELISA IgG IVD commercial kit

Serum from pregnant women in the Peruvian Amazon

63.3

69.6

Parasitological

[58]

 

Serum from Center for Tropical Diseases in Italy and National Institute of Health in the USA

91.2

99.1

Parasitological

[24]

 

Serum from Universiti Sains Malaysia in Malaysia

84.6

83.6

Parasitological

[59]

ELISA IgG Bordier commercial kit

Serum from outpatients at Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London

81

NA

Parasitological

[60]

 

Serum from patients at Rennes University Hospital in France

100

97

Parasitological

[29]

 

Serum from Center for Tropical Diseases in Italy and National Institute of Health in the USA

89.5

98.3

Parasitological

[24]

ELISA crude antigen SciMedx commercial kit

Serum from patients in the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre in Spain

89.2 to 94.7

72.3 to 89.3

Composite reference and parasitological

[61]

ELISA IgG InBios Strongy Detect commercial kit

Serum submitted to laboratories in the USA

80

90

Parasitological

[62]

NIE-ELISA NovaLisa commercial kit

Serum from patients in the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre in Spain

72.3 to 78.9

85.1 to 93.6

Composite reference and parasitological

[61]

ELISA IgG Strongy Detect (both Ss-NIE and Ss-IR recombinant antigens) commercial kit

Serum from patients at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in the USA

98.6

98.6

Parasitological

[31]

ELISA IgG4 Strongy Detect (both Ss-NIE and Ss-IR recombinant antigens) commercial kit

Serum from patients at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in the USA

95.9

100

Parasitological

[31]

ELISA IgG (crude Strongyloides ratti antigen)

Urine from communities in northeast Thailand

83 to 85

53 to 56

Parasitological

[63]

 

Serum from communities in northeast Thailand

100

42.6

Parasitological

[63]

 

Serum from communities in northeast Thailand

84.5

100

Parasitological

[64]

ELISA IgG (crude Strongyloides venezuelensis antigen)

Serum from Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade in Brazil

95

97.83

Parasitological

[65]

 

Serum from Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade in Brazil

92.5

93.48

Parasitological

[65]

 

Serum from Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt in Peru

74.1

100

Parasitological

[66]

ELISA IgG (crude Strongyloides stercoralis antigen)

Serum from communities in northeast Thailand

73

86

Parasitological

[67]

 

Serum from communities in northeast Thailand

83.5

100

Parasitological

[64]

 

Serum from patients with hematologic malignancy at the University Hospital in Brazil

68.0

89.0

Parasitological

[68]

 

Serum from Universiti Sains Malaysia in Malaysia

84.6

81.8

Parasitological

[59]

 

Serum from patients with corticosteroid therapy in primary health care centers in Egypt

42.1

82.6

Parasitological

[69]

 

Serum from Instituto de Investigacionces de Enfermedades Tropicales in Argentina

97

100

Parasitological

[70]

 

Serum from immunocompromised patients in Phramongkutlao Hospital in Thailand

42.9

96.3

Parasitological

[27]

Centers for Disease Control and prevention EIA IgG (crude Strongyloides stercoralis antigen)

Serum from patients at Toronto General Hospital in Canada

94.6

NA

Parasitological

[71]

ELISA IgG

Serum from travelers attending the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London

73

NA

Parasitological

[72]

ELISA IgG

Serum from immigrants attending the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London

98

NA

Parasitological

[72]

ELISA IgG4 (crude Strongyloides stercoralis antigen)

Serum from Universiti Sains Malaysia in Malaysia

76.9

92.7

Parasitological

[59]

ELISA IgE (crude Strongyloides stercoralis antigen)

Serum from Universiti Sains Malaysia in Malaysia

100

100

Parasitological, molecular, immunological

[73]

 

Serum from Universiti Sains Malaysia in Malaysia

7.7

100

Parasitological

[59]

ELISA IgY (crude Strongyloides venezuelensis antigen from larva)

Serum from Biological Samples Bank of Laboratório de Parasitologia in Brazil

95.56

88.89

Parasitological

[74]

ELISA IgY (crude Strongyloides venezuelensis antigen from adult females)

Serum from Biological Samples Bank of Laboratório de Parasitologia in Brazil

95.56

91.11

Parasitological

[74]

ELISA IgG (synthetic peptide C10)

Serum from patients

95

89.2

Parasitological

[75]

ELISA IgG (synthetic peptide D3)

Serum from patients

95

92.5

Parasitological

[75]

ELISA IgG4 (Strongyloides stercoralis rSs1a recombinant antigen)

Serum from Universiti Sains Malaysia in Malaysia

96

93

Parasitological, molecular, immunological

[76]

ELISA IgG (SsAg recombinant monoclonal antibody)

Serum bank at University Sains Malaysia in Malaysia

100

100

Parasitological and immunological

[77]

ELISA (Strongyloides stercoralis recombinant 14-3-3 protein)

Serum from patients

96

NA

Parasitology

[78]

NIE-ELISA

Serum from Center for Tropical Diseases in Italy and National Institute of Health in the USA

75.4

94.8

Parasitological

[24]

 

Serum from Instituto de Investigacionces de Enfermedades Tropicales in Argentina

84

100

Parasitological

[70]

 

Serum from communities in Argentina

76.7

71.6

Bayesian latent class analysis estimates

[79]

 

Dried blood spots from indigenous community in Australia

85.7

88.9

Parasitological

[80]

NIE-LIPS

Serum submitted to laboratories in the USA

100

100

Parasitological

[62]

 

Serum from Center for Tropical Diseases in Italy and National Institute of Health in the USA

85.1

100

Parasitological

[24]

 

Serum from Instituto de Investigacionces de Enfermedades Tropicales in Argentina

97.8

100

Parasitological

[70]

NIE dot-based assay

Serum from multiple reference laboratories

96.3

100

Parasitological

[81]

SsIR-LIPS

Serum from Instituto de Investigacionces de Enfermedades Tropicales in Argentina

91.2

100

Parasitological

[70]

IFAT (Strongyloides stercoralis larva)

Serum from patients at the Centre for Tropical Diseases in Italy

95.5

NA

Composite reference

[16]

 

Serum from Center for Tropical Diseases in Italy and National Institute of Health in the USA

93.9

92.2

Parasitological

[24]

Gelatin particle indirect agglutination assay (crude Strongyloides stercoralis antigen)

Serum from communities in northeast Thailand

81

81

Parasitological

[67]

 

Serum from patients with corticosteroid therapy in primary health care centers in Egypt

89.4

81.8

Parasitological

[69]

Gelatin particle indirect agglutination (crude Strongyloides venezuelensis antigen)

Serum from Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt in Peru

98.2

100

Parasitological

[66]

ICT (crude Strongyloides stercoralis antigen)

Serum from Khon Kaen University in Thailand

93.3

83.7

Parasitological

[32]

Lateral flow rapid dipstick test IgG4 (SsRapid)

Serum from northeast Thailand

82

96

Parasitological, immunological

[82]

 

Serum from Universiti Sains Malaysia in Malaysia

91.3

100

Parasitological, molecular, immunological

[33]

  1. aEIA enzyme immunosorbent assay, ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ICT immunochromatographic test, IFAT immunofluorescene antibody test, LIPS luciferase immunoprecipitation systems assay