Genetic marker | Primer used | Type of PCRa | Sample type | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | Reference method | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18S | [34] | RT-PCR | Fecal | 72 to 92 | 100 | Parasitological | [34]b |
 |  |  |  | 84.7 | 95.8 | Parasitological | [83] |
 |  |  |  | 76.8 | 89.7 | Parasitological | [84] |
 |  |  |  | 15 to 34.1 |  > 99 | Parasitological | [87] |
 |  |  |  | 93.8 | 86.5 | Parasitological | [35] |
 |  |  |  | 90 | 85.7 | Parasitological | [36] |
 |  |  |  | 27.5 to 86.3 | NA | Parasitological | [45] |
 |  |  |  | 73.9 | 100 | Parasitological | [39] |
 |  |  |  | 85 | 87.3 | Parasitological | [25] |
 |  |  |  | 38 | 100 | Immunological | [85] |
 |  |  |  | 63 | NA | Immunological | [20] |
 |  |  |  | 57 | NA | Parasitological and immunological (composite reference) | [16] |
 |  | Multiplex RT-PCR | Fecal | 17.4 to 76.3 | 93.9 | Parasitological and molecular combination | [15] |
 |  |  |  | 88.9 | 92.7 | Parasitological | [86] |
 |  | cPCR | Fecal | 100 | NA | Parasitological | [21] |
 |  |  |  | 76.7 | 84.3 | Parasitological | [25] |
 |  |  |  | 78.8 to 84.8 | 82.5 to 95 | Parasitological | [87] |
 |  |  |  | 100 | NA | Parasitological | [88] |
 | [89] | cPCR | Fecal | 100 | NA | Parasitological | [89]b |
 |  | Nested PCR | Fecal | 75 | NA | Parasitological | [89]b |
 | [37] | Multiplex RT-PCR | Fecal | 72 to 100 | 100 | Parasitological | [37]b |
 | [38] | RT-PCR | Fecal | 82 | 76.7 | Parasitological | [38]b |
 |  | ddPCR | Fecal | 98 | 90 | Parasitological | [38]b |
COI | [90] | Nested PCR | Fecal | 100 | 91.6 | Parasitological | [90]b |
ITS2 | [89] | cPCR | Fecal | 61 | NA | Parasitological | [91] |
 | [92] | cPCR | Fecal | 100 | NA | Parasitological | [92]b |
Repetitive elements | [46] | cPCR | Urine | 93.6 | NA | Parasitological | [46]b |
 |  |  |  | 17 | NA | Immunological | [20] |
 |  |  |  | 74.7 | 77.1 | Bayesian estimates | [79] |