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  1. Insects are exposed to a wide range of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses) and have interconnected powerful immune reactions. Although insects lack an acquired immune system they have well-...

    Authors: Eloi S Garcia, Daniele P Castro, Marcela B Figueiredo, Fernando A Genta and Patrícia Azambuja
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:33
  2. A wide range of unicellular eukaryotes have now been shown to undergo a form of programmed cell death (PCD) that resembles apoptosis; exhibiting morphological and, in some cases, biochemical markers typical of...

    Authors: Shashini C Arambage, Karen M Grant, Ian Pardo, Lisa Ranford-Cartwright and Hilary Hurd
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:32
  3. Since its discovery, HIV/AIDS has arguably captured more attention among the Chinese biomedical research community than most other infectious diseases. Traditional parasitic diseases, on the other hand, are pe...

    Authors: Li-Guang Tian, Peter Steinmann, Jia-Xu Chen, Shao-Hong Chen and Xiao-Nong Zhou
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:31
  4. Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas disease in the Gran Chaco region of South America. The traditional spraying technique used for the application of pyrethroid insecticides has shown low efficiency i...

    Authors: Ivana Amelotti, Silvia S Catalá and David E Gorla
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:30
  5. The study aims to determine the role of domestic dogs in transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 10 villages along the River Rahad in eastern Sudan to...

    Authors: Mo'awia M Hassan, Omran F Osman, Fathi MA El-Raba'a, Henk DFH Schallig and Dia-Eldin A Elnaiem
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:26
  6. Phlebotomine sandflies are the vectors of etiological agents of leishmaniases in several areas of the world. In the Neotropical Region, the biodiversity of these insects is more than other regions, probably du...

    Authors: José Dilermando Andrade Filho, Paula Cavalcante Lamy Serra e Meira, Cristiani de Castilho Sanguinette and Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:25
  7. Habitat fragmentation may result in the reduction of diversity of parasite communities by affecting population size and dispersal pattern of species. In the flood plain of the Yangtze River in China, many lake...

    Authors: Wen X Li, Pin Nie, Gui T Wang and Wei J Yao
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:22
  8. Third-stage infective larvae (L3) of hookworms are in an obligatory state of developmental arrest that ends upon entering the definitive host, where they receive a signal that re-activates development. Recover...

    Authors: Joshua E Kiss, Xin Gao, Joseph M Krepp and John M Hawdon
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:21
  9. The control of onchocerciasis in the African region is currently based mainly on the mass drug administration of ivermectin. Whilst this has been found to limit morbidity, it does not stop transmission. In the...

    Authors: Daniel A Boakye, Eric Fokam, Anita Ghansah, Josef Amakye, Michael D Wilson and Charles A Brown
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:20
  10. Anopheles gambiae plant-sugar feeding was thought to be rare and physiologically optional. Unlike adult females, males have no alternative source of energy and soon die with only water, yet they might be competen...

    Authors: Richard E Gary Jr, James W Cannon III and Woodbridge A Foster
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:19
  11. Schistosoma mansoni uses Biomphalaria glabrata as an intermediate host during its complex life cycle. In the snail, the parasite initially transforms from a miracidium into a mother sporocyst and during this proc...

    Authors: Zahida Zahoor, Angela J Davies, Ruth S Kirk, David Rollinson and Anthony J Walker
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:18
  12. Rickettsia felis is an obligate intracellular bacterium belonging to the spotted fever group, suspected to cause a murine typhus-like illness in humans, with a cosmopolitan distribution. This study was designed t...

    Authors: Gioia Capelli, Fabrizio Montarsi, Elena Porcellato, Giulia Maioli, Carmelo Furnari, Laura Rinaldi, Gaetano Oliva and Domenico Otranto
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 1):S8

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 1

  13. With the spread of pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes, the combination of an insecticide (carbamate or organophosphate) with a repellent (DEET) is considered as a promising alternative strategy for the treatm...

    Authors: Julien Bonnet, Cédric Pennetier, Stéphane Duchon, Bruno Lapied and Vincent Corbel
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:17
  14. The extinction of species across the globe is accelerating, directly or indirectly due to human activities. Biological impoverishment, habitat fragmentation, climate change, increasing toxification, and the ra...

    Authors: A Alonso Aguirre
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 1):S7

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 1

  15. Canine leishmaniosis is a severe systemic disease caused by the kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania infantum, an obligatory intracellular parasite of mammalian macrophages, transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine ...

    Authors: Valentina Foglia Manzillo, Rosa Paparcone, Silvia Cappiello, Roberta De Santo, Paolo Bianciardi and Gaetano Oliva
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 1):S6

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 1

  16. Canine hepatozoonosis is caused by Hepatozoon canis and Hepatozoon americanum, apicomplexan parasites transmitted to dogs by ingestion of infectious stages. Although the two agents are phylogenetically related, s...

    Authors: Susan E Little, Kelly E Allen, Eileen M Johnson, Roger J Panciera, Mason V Reichard and Sidney A Ewing
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 1):S5

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 1

  17. Bartonella spp. are important pathogens in human and veterinary medicine, and bartonellosis is considered as an emerging zoonosis that is being reported with increasing frequency. Of 22 known species and subspeci...

    Authors: Edward B Breitschwerdt and Ricardo G Maggi
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 1):S3

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 1

  18. Ecological and climatic changes, human and animal population dynamics are among the several factors that have favoured the spread or the (re)introduction and establishment of "novel" vector species and pathoge...

    Authors: Domenico Otranto, Gioia Capelli and Claudio Genchi
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 1):S2

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 1

  19. Canine leishmaniosis is widespread in South America, where a number of Leishmania species have been isolated or molecularly characterised from dogs. Most cases of canine leishmaniosis are caused by Leishmania inf...

    Authors: Filipe Dantas-Torres
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2(Suppl 1):S1

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 2 Supplement 1

  20. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the basic biology behind transmission of zoonotic infectious diseases harbored by arthropod vectors these diseases remain threatening public health concerns. For...

    Authors: Hiroka Aonuma, Aya Yoshimura, Namal Perera, Naoaki Shinzawa, Hironori Bando, Sugao Oshiro, Bryce Nelson, Shinya Fukumoto and Hirotaka Kanuka
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:15
  21. This case reports the efficacy of metaflumizone plus amitraz spot-on formulation (ProMeris Duo®; Fort Dodge) against generalized demodectic mange. A two year-old male dog presented at clinical examination with po...

    Authors: Viviana D Tarallo, Riccardo P Lia, Mariateresa Sasanelli, Claudia Cafarchia and Domenico Otranto
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:13
  22. The remarkable mutualistic associations between termites and protists are in large part responsible for the evolutionary success of these eusocial insects. It is unknown when this symbiosis was first establish...

    Authors: George O Poinar Jr
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:12
  23. Ascaris lumbricoides exhibits density-dependent egg production, a process which has a marked impact on both the transmission dynamics and the stability of the parasite population. Evidence suggests that the egg p...

    Authors: Martin Walker, Andrew Hall, Roy M Anderson and María-Gloria Basáñez
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:11
  24. The 1st International Symposium on Geospatial Health was convened in Lijiang, Yunnan province, People's Republic of China from 8 to 9 September, 2007. The objective was to review progress made with the applicatio...

    Authors: Xiao-Nong Zhou, Shan Lv, Guo-Jing Yang, Thomas K Kristensen, N Robert Bergquist, Jürg Utzinger and John B Malone
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:10
  25. The triatomine bugs are vectors of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. Aggregation behavior plays an important role in their survival by facilitating the location of r...

    Authors: Alicia N Lorenzo Figueiras, Juan R Girotti, Sergio J Mijailovsky and M Patricia Juárez
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:8
  26. Since 1987 onchocerciasis control has relied on the donation of ivermectin (Mectizan®, Merck & Co., Inc.) through the Mectizan Donation Programme. Recently, concern has been raised over the appearance of suboptim...

    Authors: Mark J Taylor, Kwablah Awadzi, María-Gloria Basáñez, Nana Biritwum, Daniel Boakye, Boakye Boatin, Moses Bockarie, Thomas S Churcher, Alex Debrah, Geoffrey Edwards, Achim Hoerauf, Sabine Mand, Graham Matthews, Mike Osei-Atweneboana, Roger K Prichard, Samuel Wanji…
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:7
  27. Little information is available on the immunological aspect of parasitic Gasterophilus intestinalis (Diptera, Oestridae) larvae causing horse gastric myiasis. The objectives of this research were to analyze the p...

    Authors: Liselore Roelfstra, Cornelia A Deeg, Stefanie M Hauck, Christina Buse, Mathieu Membrez, Bruno Betschart and Kurt Pfister
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:6
  28. A few studies have been carried out on the Phlebotomine sandflies from Thailand. Within the Phlebotomine sandflies, the genus Phlebotomus Rondani & Berté, 1840 contains the vectors of leishmaniases in Europe, Afr...

    Authors: Jérôme Depaquit, Frédérique Muller and Nicole Léger
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:5
  29. Recent studies have revealed expansion by an array of Filarioid nematodes' into the northern boreal region of Finland. The vector-borne nematode, Setaria tundra, caused a serious disease outbreak in the Finnish r...

    Authors: Sauli Laaksonen, Milla Solismaa, Raine Kortet, Jussi Kuusela and Antti Oksanen
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2009 2:3
  30. Currently, several PCR based diagnostic assays have been developed to improve the detection of pathogenic trypanosomes. These tests include use of species specific primers, single and nested PCRs' based on pri...

    Authors: Samuel M Thumbi, Francis A McOdimba, Reuben O Mosi and Joseph O Jung'a
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2008 1:46
  31. Chromosomal inversions have been considered to be potentially important barriers to gene flow in many groups of animals through their effect on recombination suppression in heterokaryotypic individuals. Invers...

    Authors: Kija R Ng'habi, Claudio R Meneses, Anthony J Cornel, Michel A Slotman, Bart GJ Knols, Heather M Ferguson and Gregory C Lanzaro
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2008 1:45
  32. The incidence of tick-borne encephalitis showed a dramatic spike in several countries in Europe in 2006, a year that was unusually cold in winter but unusually warm and dry in summer and autumn. In this study ...

    Authors: Sarah E Randolph, Loreta Asokliene, Tatjana Avsic-Zupanc, Antra Bormane, Caroline Burri, Lise Gern, Irina Golovljova, Zdenek Hubalek, Natasa Knap, Maceij Kondrusik, Anne Kupca, Milan Pejcoch, Veera Vasilenko and Milda Žygutiene
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2008 1:44
  33. The chances of a schistosome cercaria encountering a suitable definitive host may be enhanced by emergence from the molluscan intermediate host with maximal glycogen stores and by an appropriate chronobiologic...

    Authors: Alice Norton, David Rollinson, Louisa Richards and Joanne Webster
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2008 1:43
  34. The use of repellent materials from plants against nuisance insects is common with great potential to compliment existing malaria control programmes and this requires evaluation in the field. Ocimum plant spec...

    Authors: Eliningaya J Kweka, Franklin W Mosha, Asanterabi Lowassa, Aneth M Mahande, Michael J Mahande, Charles P Massenga, Filemoni Tenu, Ester E Lyatuu, Michael A Mboya and Emmanuel A Temu
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2008 1:42
  35. Screening doors, windows and eaves of houses should reduce house entry by eusynanthropic insects, including the common African house mosquito Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and other culicines. In the pre-interve...

    Authors: Matthew J Kirby, Philippa West, Clare Green, Momodou Jasseh and Steve W Lindsay
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2008 1:41
  36. Blastocystis is a prevalent enteric protozoan that infects a variety of vertebrates. Infection with Blastocystis in humans has been associated with abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, fatigue, skin rash, and ...

    Authors: Kenneth F Boorom, Huw Smith, Laila Nimri, Eric Viscogliosi, Gregory Spanakos, Unaiza Parkar, Lan-Hua Li, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Ãœlgen Z Ok, Saovanee Leelayoova and Morris S Jones
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2008 1:40

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