Description of Evandromyia (Aldamyia) orcyi, a new phlebotomine species (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Background The genus Evandromyia is widely found in Brazil, but occurs mainly in Brazilian savannah. To date 13 species have been described in the subgenus Aldamyia. Here we described a new species of Evandromyia (Aldamyia) collected in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Methods Measurements were made using a micrometer eyepiece on an Olympus CH-2 binocular microscope and drawings were executed with the aid of a camera lucida. Results The new species, Evandromyia orcyi sp. nov., is closely related to Evandromyia lenti, Evandromyia carmelinoi and Evandromyia evandroi, however, characteristics of the male terminalia and female spermathecae distinguish it from other species of the genus Evandromyia. Conclusion With the description of Evandromyia orcyi sp. nov., six species of the subgenus Aldamyia have been reported from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul.


Background
Insects of the subfamily Phlebotominae are the natural vectors of Leishmania throughout the world. In Brazil, about 270 species belonging to 19 genera have been reported [1], but the number of described species has been increasing [2,3]. Evandromyia is a genus widely found in Brazil, but occurs mainly in areas covered by savannah [4,5]. According to Galati [6], this genus is divided in three subgenera: Aldamyia, Evandromyia and Barrettomyia. To date, Aldamyia contains 13 species, five of which occur in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul [6][7][8].
Males of Aldamyia are characterized by the absence of papillae on tergite VII and their presence on tergite VI, terminalia with the gonostyle bearing four spines, gonocoxite with a tuft of setae, and, in females a generally appleshaped spermathecae and cibarium with the anterior teeth in lateral sets [6].
During entomological surveillance carried out by a vector control team, a new species of sand fly was found. This study describes both sexes of this new species of sand fly belonging to the genus Evandromyia.

Methods
Sand flies were collected using CDC light traps in the District of Vestia, Selvíria County, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (20°22′11‶S and 51°25‵09‶W) in April 2009. Authorization to collect zoological material was granted by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources -IBAMA (SISBio 25952-1). Sand flies were mounted in Canada balsam. Measurements were made using an Olympus CH-2 binocular microscope with a micrometer eyepiece and drawings were executed with the aid of a camera lucida. Measurements are given in micrometers and the classification followed is that proposed by Galati [6].
In accordance with section 8.5 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, details of the new species have been submitted to ZooBank with the life science identifier (LSID) http://zoobank.org/References/ ED63311B-899E-4B76-B49C-88C004862D24.
The following description of Evandromyia (Aldamyia) orcyi sp. nov., is based on three male specimens and one female specimen. Measurements of the male holotype are given with, in brackets, the mean, standard deviation and number of male paratypes examined for each structure.

Allotype (female)
Sand fly of medium size, measuring ca. 2,501 in length. Coloration as in the male.

Etymology
The name Evandromyia orcyi is given in honor of Mr. Orcy de Oliveira for his great incentive and collaboration in studies with sand flies in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul.
The males of Ev. lenti and Ev. carmelinoi can be distinguished from the new species by characters of their parameres. The new species has a simple paramere with a ventral process on its third basal while the other two species have a bifurcate paramere [9,10]. The presence of a basal bristly-lobe at the level of the aedeagus of the paramere can also be used to distinguish Ev. orcyi from all other species of the subgenus except Ev. evandroi [11], which has a similar structure, however, Ev. evandroi does not possess a ventral process on the paramere base. Another character that can be used to distinguish Ev. orcyi from all other species of the subgenus is the unique tip of its genital filament, which is in the form of a small arrow and unlike that of any other species.
Females of the new taxon can be distinguished from Evandromyia aldafalcaoae (Santos, Andrade Filho & Honer, 2001), Evandromyia apurinan Shimabukuro, Figueira and Silva, 2013, Evandromyia andersoni (Le  Evandromyia evandroi, Ev. lenti, Ev. carmelinoi, Evandromyia dubitans (Sherlock, 1962) and Evandromyia walkeri (Newstead, 1914) have spermathecae that are similar to that of Ev. orcyi, but the latter may be distinguished by the ducts of spermathecae (Figures 9, 10, 11  and 12). The common duct of the spermatheca of E. lenti and Ev. carmelinoi have sclerotized external margins, which are absent in the new species. In addition, the common duct of the spermathecae is much larger in these two taxa than in Ev. orcyi. From Ev. walkeri and Ev. dubitans the new species may be differentiated by the length of the common duct, which is subequal to the individual duct in these species and about 1/3 of the   individual duct in Ev. orcyi. Finally, Evandromyia evandroi has the common duct shorter and narrower than the duct of the new species.
The female of Evandromyia hashiguchii Leon, Teran, Neira & Le Pont, 2009 was not described [12]. The male of this species is morphologically similar to Ev. andersoni and Ev. sericea, which leads us to believe that the female of the new species described here does not correspond to the female of Ev. hashiguchii because the spermathecae of this species is very different from that of Ev. orcyi. Furthermore, the similarity of both sexes of Ev. orcyi with other species like Ev. carmelinoi, Ev. evandroi and Ev. lenti, and the fact that all these species were found sympatrically in the sampled area, reinforce the validity of Ev. orcyi for both sexes.

Conclusion
With the description of Evandromyia orcyi sp. nov., six species of the subgenus Aldamyia have been reported in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul.