Table 1 Definition of all climate and temporal variables used in the analyses
Variable for both infield and rough grazing level | Definition |
|---|---|
Moose | The number of bagged moose in the municipality (divided by size of municipality) |
Red Deer | The number of bagged red deer in the municipality (divided by size of municipality) |
Roe Deer | The number of bagged roe deer in the municipality (divided by size of municipality) |
Sheep | The number of sheep in the municipality (divided by size of municipality) |
NuFarms | The number of farms in the municipality (divided by size of municipality) |
F_masl | The meters above sea level at which the farm is situated |
Humans | The number of inhabitants in the municipality (divided by size of municipality) |
Area | Denoting district 1,2 and 3 (INLAND,COAST and FJORD) |
Timespan | Denoting the 3 decades; timespan 1(80s), timespan 2(90s) and timespan 3(00s) |
Nu_patch | Number of patches of bush encroachment in a 500-m radius |
Meanarea_p | Mean area of patches of bush encroachment intersected by a 500-m radius (m2) |
Area shrubi | Total area covered by patches of bush encroachment intersected by a 500-m radius (m2) |
TMeanJan; TMeanFeb; etc.…. | Daily mean air temperature; monthly basis |
TMeanSDJan; TMeanSDFeb; etc… | Daily mean air temperature standard deviation; monthly basis |
TminJan; TminFeb; etc.. | Lowest daily mean air temperature; monthly basis |
TmaxJan; TmaxFeb; etc.. | Highest daily mean air temperature; monthly basis |
GrowSeasDays | The length of the growing season. (1) |
RRSumJan; RRSumFeb; etc.. | Precipitation sum, monthly basis |
RH > 70DaysJan; RH > 70DaysFeb; etc.. | Number of days with relative humidity >70%; monthly basis |
RHMeanJan; RHMeanFeb; etc.. | Mean relative humidity; monthly basis |
SatDefMeanJan.; SatDefMeanFeb; etc.. | Mean saturation deficit; monthly basis. (2) |
SatDef < 5DaysJan; SatDef < 5DaysFeb; etc.. | Number of days with saturation deficit <5 mmHg; monthly basis |
SnoStartDays | Number of days in a hydrological year* to snow depth ≥2 cm (3) |
SnoEndDays | Number of days in a hydrological year* to snow depth ΓΫ ≤2 cm in spring |
SnoDepth ≥ 2Days | Number of days in a hydrological year* with snow depth ≥2 cm |
SnoDepth1-2Days | Number of days in a hydrological year* with snow depth of 1–2 cm |
SnoDepth2-20Days | Number of days in a hydrological year* with snow depth of 2–20 cm |
SnoDepth > 20Days | Number of days in a hydrological year* with snow depth >20 cm |
SnoSum | Sum of snow depth (cumulative) per hydrological year* |
GSTminJan | Lowest daily ground surface temperature (GST); monthly basis |
GSTmaxJan | Highest daily ground surface temperature (GST); monthly basis |
FTDays-SnoDepth ≥ 2 | Number of days in a hydrological year* with freeze-thaw events at ground surface with snow depth ≥ 2 cm. (4) |
FTDays-SnoDepth < 2 | Number of days in a hydrological year* with freeze-thaw events at ground surface with no snow cover or snow depth <2 cm. |
BlackFrdays | Number of days in a hydrological year* with black frost; daily GST < 0°C and ground bare of snow or snow depth < 2 cm. |
TDecr÷5 < DaysJan; TDecr÷5 < DaysFeb; etc.. | Number of days per month where temperature decrease in GST from a day to the next day are >5°C. |
TDecr÷10 < DayJan; TDecr÷10 < DayFeb; etc.. | Number of days per month where temperature decrease in GST from a day to the next day are >10°C. |
TIncr + 5 < DaysJan; TIncr + 5 < DaysFeb; etc.. | Number of days per month where temperature increase in GST from a day to the next day are >5°C. |
TIncr + 10 < DaysJan; TIncr + 10 < DaysFeb; etc.. | Number of days per month where temperature increase in GST from a day to the next day are >10°C. |