Protease | Species | Synthetic/Natural substrate | Inhibitor | Localization | Role | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cysteine | ||||||
Cathepsin L | ||||||
IrCL 1 | Ixodes ricinus | Z-Phe-Arg-AMC | E-64; Z-Phe-Phe-DMK | Gut | Digestion | [67] |
HlCPL-A | Haemaphysalis longicornis | Z-Phe-Arg-AMC | Leupeptin; Antipain; E-64 | Gut | Digestion | [69] |
HLCG-A; HLCG-B | H. longicornis | – | – | – | Digestion | [70] |
BmCL 1 | Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus | H-D-Val-Phe-Lys-pNA; Hb | E-64; Leupeptin; Antipain | Gut | Digestion; yolk formation | |
RmLCE | R. (B.) microplus | AbzAla-Ile-Ala-Phe-Phe-Ser-Arg-Gln-EDDnp; N-Cbz-Phe-Arg-AMC; Hb | E-64; Pepstatin A; Papain | Larve; gut | Digestion; yolk formation | |
VTDCE | R. (B.) microplus | N-Cbz-Phe-Arg-AMC; Hb | E-64 | Salivary glands; gut; haemolymph; fat body; ovary; eggs | Yolk formation; immunity; digestion | |
Cathepsin B | ||||||
IrCB | I. ricinus | – | – | Gut | Digestion | |
Longipain | H. longicornis | Z-Phe-Arg-AMC | E-64 | Gut | Immunity | [80] |
Cathepsin C | ||||||
IrCC | I. ricinus | Hb | – | Salivary glands; gut; ovary | Digestion | |
Legumain | ||||||
IrAE | I. ricinus | Z-Ala-Ala-Asn-AMC | Azapeptidil | Gut | Digestion | [68] |
H1Lgm 1; H1Lgm 2 | H. longicornis | Z-Ala-Ala-Asn-AMC | Iodoacetamide; N- ethylmaleimide | Gut | Haematophagy; digestion; yolk formation | |
Aspartic | ||||||
Cathepsin D | ||||||
IrCD1 | I. ricinus | Hb | Pepstatin | Gut female | Digestion | [85] |
IrCD2 | I. ricinus | – | – | Gut; salivary glands | Digestion | [85] |
IrCD3 | I. ricinus | – | – | Ovaries | Yolk formation | [85] |
BYC | R. (B.) microplus | Hb; Vitellin | – | Eggs | Yolk formation | |
THAP | R. (B.) microplus | Abz-AIAFFSRQ-EDDnp | Pepstatin | Eggs | Yolk formation | [88] |
BmAP | R. (B.) microplus | – | – | Gut | Immunity | [89] |
Longepsin | H. longicornis | FITC-casein | Pepstatin A | Salivary glands; gut | Digestion | [90] |
Serine | ||||||
Trypsin-like | ||||||
IrFC | I. ricinus | – | – | Hemocytes | Immunity | [91] |
HLSG1; HLSG2 | H. longicornis | Bz-I-Arg-pNa; BSA | Salivary glands; gut | Haematophagy; digestion | [93] | |
HlSP; HlSP 2; HlSP 3 | H. longicornis | Bz-I-Arg-pNa; BSA | – | Gut | Digestion | |
Carboxypeptidase-like | ||||||
HlSCP1 | H. longicornis | Z-Phe-Leu; Pyr-Phe-Leu-pNA | PMSF | Gut | Digestion | [98] |
Metallo | ||||||
Is-degradome | Ixodes scapularis | – | – | – | Digestion | [99] |
Dv-coding sequences | Dermacentor variabilis | – | – | Gut | Digestion | [100] |
Hf-coding sequences | Haemaphysalis flava | – | – | Salivary glands | Haematophagy | [102] |
Aa-sequences | Amblyomma americanum | – | – | Salivary glands | Haematophagy | [104] |
Metis 1; Metis 2 | I. ricinus | – | – | Salivary glands | Haematophagy | [106] |
M12 | ||||||
AAP22067 | I. scapularis | Gelatin | – | Salivary glands | Haematophagy | [19] |
M17 | ||||||
HlLAP | H. longicornis | – | – | Gut | Digestion | [101] |
Reproplysin | ||||||
HLMP1 | H. longicornis | – | – | Salivary glands | Haematophagy | [107] |
Ip-MPs | Ixodes persulcatus | – | – | Salivary glands | Haematophagy | [108] |
Rs-MPs | Rhipicephalus sanguineus | – | – | Salivary glands | Haematophagy | [108] |
BrRm-MPs | R. (B.) microplus | – | – | Salivary glands | Haematophagy | [108] |