Table 3 S. scabiei genes involved in RNA interference
RNAi pathway gene | Protein function | Databases | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
S. scabiei var. hominis | S. scabiei var. suis | S. scabiei var. canis | ||
Exportin | Nuclear export of shRNA and pre-miRNAs. [72] | + | + | + |
Drosha | A nuclear RNase III that cleaves primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) to release hairpin-shaped pre-miRNAs. These are subsequently cut by the cytoplasmic RNase III Dicer to generate mature miRNAs. [73–75] | + | + | + |
Dicer | Cleaves dsRNA and pre-miRNA into siRNA and miRNA, respectively. Facilitates the activation of RISC. [50] | + | + | + |
Pasha | Essential cofactor for Drosha playing a central role in binding single-stranded fragments of the pri-mRNA. [74] | + | + | +a |
Loquacious | Cofactor of dicer that is important for enabling the incorporation of dsRNA in silencing complexes. It mediates miRNA biogenesis and, thereby, the expression of genes regulated by miRNAs. [76] | + | + | + |
Argonaute | Argonaute proteins bind to different classes of small non-cording RNAs (miRNA, siRNA and piRNAs) which leads to mRNA cleavage and subsequent silencing. [77] | + | + | + |
RdRP | RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that amplifies miRNAs and small temporal RNAs to produce dsRNA which are then cleaved by the enzyme Dicer to produce siRNAs targeting mRNAs for silencing. [78] | + | + | − |
VIG | Argonaute related protein in RISC that has role in RNA binding and nuclease activity. [79] | + | + | − |
GW182 | Promotes target silencing by repressing translation and enhancing mRNA turnover, precise mechanism of action unknown. [80] | − | +a | − |
Piwi | Piwi proteins or piwi domains hydrolyse ssRNA. [81] | − | − | − |
C3PO | Endoribonuclease that activates the RISC. [82] | − | − | − |
R2D2 | Co factor of dicer2 directing strand specific incorporation of the siRNA. [53, 83] | − | − | − |