Table 1 Candidates that elicited significant oviposition stimulation or deterrence in laboratory assays and level of validation

Crude semiochemicals of plant origin

 Infusions

  Graminea (Panicum maximum) infusion

Stimulation

NM

10%

Yes

[57]

  Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) infusion

Stimulation

0.5

5% and 10% infusion

NT

[62]

  Cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale) infusion

Stimulation

NM

50%

NT

[65]

  Tea infusion

Stimulation

NM

3 teabags or 4 capsules in 8 l of water

NT

[35]

  Bamboo leaf (Arundinaria gigantea) and white oak leaf (Quercus alba) infusion

Stimulation

NM

50%

NT

[88]

  Neem seed kernel (Azadirachta indica) infusion

Deterrence

−0.6

10%

NT

[62]

  Dried tobacco leaves (Nicotiana spp.) infusion

Deterrence

−0.7

10%

NT

[62]

 Extracts

  Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) peel

Stimulation

0.7

10 g in 600 ml of water

Yes

[33]

  Sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) extracts

Deterrence

−0.94

500 ppm

NT

[73]

 Essential oils

  Peppermint oil, basil oil, rosemary oil, citronella oil and celery seed oil

Deterrence

−0.22 to −0.95

10%

NT

[68]

Crude semiochemicals of larval origin

 Larvae infusion

Stimulation

0.5

100 larvae/100 ml

Yes

[41, 61]

 Larvae infusion

Deterrence

−0.45

5 larvae/2 ml

[42]

Chemical compounds

 n-Heneicosane

Stimulation

0.09

10 ppm

Yes

[30, 64, 87]

 Geosmin

Stimulation

0.2

0.01%

Yes

[33]

 Tetradecanoic acid

Stimulation

NM

10 ng

Yes, in blend with nonanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid methyl ester

[88]

 Nonanoic acid

Stimulation

NM

100 ng

Yes, in blend with tetradecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid methyl ester

[88]

 Tetradecanoic acid methyl ester

Stimulation

NM

10 ng

Yes, in blend with tetradecanoic acid and nonanoic acid

[88]

 Nonanal

Stimulation

NM

NM

Yes

[11, 12, 31]

 Dodecanoic acid

Stimulation

0.54

100 ppm

NT

[47]

 Z-9-Hexadecenoic acid

Stimulation

0.55

10 and 100 ppm

NT

[47]

 Caproic acid

Stimulation

0.32

1 ppm

NT

[46]

 Pentadecanoic acid

Stimulation

0.38

10 ppm

NT

[61]

 Myristoleic acid

Deterrence

−0.7

100 ppm

NT

[61]

 Skatole

Stimulation

0.41

500 ppm

NT

[64]

 Skatole

Deterrence

NM

100 μg/l

NT

[76]

 p-Cresol

Stimulation

0.23

100 ppm

NT

[64]

 p-Cresol

Deterrence

−0.4 to −1

10^–8 to 10³ ppm

NT

[64, 74]

 Phenol

Stimulation

0.16

50 ppm

NT

[64]

 Propyl octadecanoate

Stimulation

0.43

10 ppm

NT

[66]

 Methyl dodecanoate

Deterrence

−0.92

100 ppm

NT

[47]

 Methyl (Z)-9- hexadecenoate

Deterrence

−0.86

100 ppm

NT

[47]

 Tetradecyl heptanoate

Deterrence

−0.81

10 ppm

NT

[66]

Blend of chemical compounds

 Blend of p-cresol, skatole, phenol, n-heneicosane

Stimulation

0.5

Skatole at 500 ppm, p-cresol at 100 ppm, phenol at 50 ppm, n-heneicosane at 10 ppm

NT

[64]

 Blend of nonanal, decanal, skatole

Stimulation

NM

NM

Yes

[11, 12, 31]

 Blend of nonanal, decanal, p-cresol

Stimulation

NM

NM

Yes

[11, 12, 31]

 Blend of pentadecanoic acid, myristoleic acid, myristic acid, isovaleric acid

Stimulation

0.21

1 ppm

NT

[61]

 Blend of pentadecanoic acid, myristoleic acid, myristic acid, isovaleric acid

Deterrence

−0.65

100 ppm

NT

[61]

 Blend of nonanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid methyl ester

Stimulation

NM

10^–4 and 10^–5 ppm

Yes

[32]