Table 1 Specimens of 45 black fly species collected in Vietnam for molecular analysis, with corresponding collection information

Gomphostilbia Enderlein

Simulium asakoae Takaoka & Davies, 1995

ASK1

Tam Dao, Vinh Phuc

21°25′41.2″ N, 105°36′55.7″ E

997

2013-11-09

OQ117762

OQ427828

ASK2

Hue, Thua Thien Hue

16°10′23.392″ N, 107°43′32.357″ E

N/A

2014-02-22

OQ117763

OQ427829

ASK3

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

11°59′26.0″ N, 108°22′06.0″ E

1443

2014-04-22

OQ117764

OQ427830

ASK4

Quy Chau, Nghe An

19°20′12.147″ N, 105°09′15.908″ E

N/A

2015-12-11

OQ117765

OQ427831

S. chaudinhense Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun, 2017

CDH1^a

Quy Chau, Nghe An

19°30′46.589″ N, 105°09′10.470″ E

80

2015-12-11

OQ117766

OQ427832

CDH2^a

Quy Chau, Nghe An

19°30′46.589″ N, 105°09′10.470″ E

80

2015-12-11

OQ117767

OQ427833

CDH3^a

Quy Chau, Nghe An

19°30′46.589″ N, 105°09′10.470″ E

80

2015-12-11

OQ117768

OQ427834

CDH4^a

Quy Chau, Nghe An

19°30′46.589″ N, 105°09′10.470″ E

80

2015-12-11

OQ117769

OQ427835

S. confertum Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun, 2015

CFT1^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°07′59.430″ N, 108°35′42.001″ E

1492

2014-04-24

OQ117770

OQ427836

CFT2

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°19′04.333″ N, 103°52′04.265″ E

1223

2014-12-21

OQ117771

OQ427837

CFT3

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°19′04.333″ N, 103°52′04.265″ E

1223

2014-12-21

OQ117772

OQ427838

S. hongthaii Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Ya'cob, 2014

HGT1

Hue, Thua Thien Hue

16°10′23.392″ N, 107°43′32.357″ E

N/A

2014-02-22

OQ117773

OQ427839

HGT2^a

Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc

21°27′30.1" N, 105°38′56.5″ E

997

2013-11-08

OQ117774

OQ427840

HGT3

Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue

16°13′56.211″ N, 107°51′18.671″ E

432

2014-02-23

OQ117775

OQ427841

HGT4

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°19′20.0" N, 103°50′55.0″ E

1019

2014-12-21

OQ117776

OQ427842

S. phulocense Takaoka & Chen, 2015

PLO1^b

Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue

16°11′41.099″ N, 107°51′47.675″ E

1186

2014-02-23

OQ117777

N/A

PLO2^b

Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue

16°11′41.099″ N, 107°51′47.675″ E

1186

2014-02-23

OQ117778

OQ427843

PLO3^a

Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue

16°11′45.123″ N, 107°50′55.6″ E

1186

2014-02-23

OQ117779

OQ427844

S. sanchayense Takaoka & Lau, 2017

SCY1^b

Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc

21°27′30.1″ N, 105°38′56.5″ E

975

2013-11-08

OQ117780

OQ427845

SCY2^b

Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc

21°27′30.1″ N, 105°38′56.5" E

975

2013-11-08

OQ117781

OQ427846

SCY3^a

Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc

21°27′30.1″ N, 105°38′56.5" E

975

2013-11-08

OQ117782

OQ427847

SCY4^a

Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc

21°27′30.1" N, 105°38′56.5" E

975

2013-11-08

OQ117783

OQ427848

S. tamdaoense Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Ya’cob, 2014

TAM1

Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An

N/A

N/A

2015-12-11

OQ117784

OQ427849

S. vinhphucense Takaoka & Low, 2017

VPH1

Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An

N/A

N/A

2015-12-11

OQ117785

OQ427850

VPH2

Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An

N/A

N/A

2015-12-11

OQ117786

N/A

VPH3^a

Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc

21°27′30.1" N, 105°38′56.5" E

975

2013-11-08

OQ117787

OQ427851

S. dachaisense Takaoka & Lau, 2015

DCS1^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°08′32.409″ N, 108°38′58.318″ E

1440

2014-04-24

OQ117802

N/A

DCS2^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°08′32.409″ N, 108°38′58.318″ E

1440

2014-04-24

OQ117803

N/A

S. lamdongense Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun, 2015

LDG1

Pu Mat, Nghe An

N/A

N/A

2015-12-09

OQ117792

N/A

LDG2

Pu Mat, Nghe An

N/A

N/A

2015-12-09

OQ117793

N/A

LDG3^b

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°01′24.991″ N, 108°25′30.704″ E

1539

2014-04-25

OQ117794

N/A

LDG4^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°01′24.991″ N, 108°25′30.704″ E

1539

2014-04-25

OQ117795

N/A

S. longlanhense Takaoka & Ya’cob, 2015

LLH1^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°10′56.408″ N, 108°40′48.152″ E

1452

2014-04-24

OQ117796

N/A

LLH2^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°10′56.408″ N, 108°40′48.152″ E

1452

2014-04-24

OQ117797

N/A

LLH3^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°10′56.408″ N, 108°40′48.152″ E

1452

2014-04-24

OQ117798

N/A

LLH4^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°10′56.408″ N, 108°40′48.152″ E

1452

2014-04-24

OQ117799

N/A

S. ngaoense Takaoka, Srisuka, & Saeung, 2018

NGA1

Quy Chau, Nghe An

19°30′46.9″ N, 105°09′10.5″ E

80

2015-12-11

OQ117788

N/A

NGA2

Quy Chau, Nghe An

19°30′46.9″ N, 105°09′10.5″ E

80

2015-12-11

OQ117789

N/A

NGA3

Quy Chau, Nghe An

19°30′45.607″ N, 105°09′16.430″ E

80

2015-12-11

OQ117790

N/A

NGA4

Quy Chau, Nghe An

19°30′45.607″ N, 105°09′16.430″ E

80

2015-12-11

OQ117791

N/A

S. yvonneae Takaoka & Low, 2019

YVN1^a

Hugen Anh Son, Nghe An

18°56′41.456″ N, 105°02′16.396″ E

16–162

2015-12-10

OQ117804

N/A

YVN2^a

Hugen Anh Son, Nghe An

18°56′41.456″ N, 105°02′16.396″ E

16–162

2015-12-10

OQ117805

N/A

YVN3^a

Hugen Anh Son, Nghe An

18°56′41.456″ N, 105°02′16.396″ E

16–162

2015-12-10

OQ117806

N/A

S. eshimai Takaoka & Adler, 2017

ESM1^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°22′22.719″ N, 103°45′24.852″ E

1728

2014-12-20

OQ117800

N/A

ESM2^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°22′22.719″ N, 103°45′24.852″ E

1728

2014-12-20

OQ117801

N/A

Nevermannia Enderlein

S. bachmaense Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Ya’cob, 2014

BMA1^a

Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue

16°11′41.099″ N, 107°51′47.675″ E

1414

2014-02-23

OQ117807

N/A

S. langbiangense Sofian-Azirun & Ya’cob, 2014

LBG1^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

100 m left from the stream of the type locality of S. phami

1540

2014-04-25

OQ117808

N/A

LBG2^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

100 m left from the stream of the type locality of S. phami

1540

2014-04-25

OQ117809

N/A

LBG3^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

100 m left from the stream of the type locality of S. phami

1540

2014-04-25

OQ117810

N/A

S. maeaiense Takaoka & Srisuka, 2011

MAE1

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°21′28.378″ N, 103°45′52.084″ E

1893

2014-12-20

OQ117811

N/A

MAE2

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°21′28.378″ N, 103°45′52.084″ E

1893

2014-12-20

OQ117812

N/A

S. phami Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Ya’cob, 2014

PHM1^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°01′24.991″ N, 108°25′30.704″ E

1539

2014-04-25

OQ117813

N/A

PHM2^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°01′24.991″ N, 108°25′30.704″ E

1539

2014-04-25

OQ117814

N/A

S. pumatense Takaoka, Low & Pham, 2019

PMT1^a

Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An

18˚58′03.270″ N, 104˚48′07.811″ E

223

2015-12-09

OQ117815

N/A

PMT2^a

Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An

18˚58′03.270″ N, 104˚48′07.811″ E

223

2015-12-09

OQ117816

N/A

S. aureohirtum Brunetti, 1911

ARH1

Quy Chau, Nghe An

N/A

N/A

2015-12-10

OQ117817

N/A

ARH2

Quy Chau, Nghe An

19°20′12.147″ N, 105°09′15.908″ E

80

2015-12-11

OQ117818

N/A

ARH3

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

11°59′25.511″ N, 108°22′06.350″ E

1443

2014-04-22

OQ117819

N/A

ARH4

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

11°59′25.511″ N, 108°22′06.350″ E

1443

2014-04-22

OQ117820

N/A

S. tayense Takaoka & Ya’cob, 2017

TAY1^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai Province

22°22′22.719″ N, 103°45′24.852″ E

1728

2014-12-20

OQ117821

N/A

TAY2^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai Province

22°22′22.719″ N, 103°45′24.852″ E

1728

2014-12-20

OQ117822

N/A

Simulium Latreille

S. sansahoense Takaoka & Chen, 2017

SSH1^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai Province

22°19′44.349″ N, 103°49′49.930″ E

1194

2014-12-20

OQ117823

N/A

SSH2^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai Province

22°19′44.349″ N, 103°49′49.930″ E

1194

2014-12-20

OQ117824

N/A

SSH3^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai Province

22°19′44.349″ N, 103°49′49.930″ E

1194

2014-12-20

OQ117825

N/A

SSH4^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai Province

22°19′44.349″ N, 103°49′49.930″ E

1194

2014-12-20

OQ117826

N/A

S. atipornae Takaoka, Srisuka & Choochote, 2014

ATP1

Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue

16°11′42.061″ N, 107°51′27.955″ E

1273

2014-02-23

OQ117827

N/A

S. vietnamense Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Chen, 2014

VNM1^a

Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc

21°20′08.1″ N, 105°30′32.4″ E

997

2013-11-09

OQ117828

N/A

S. grossifilum Takaoka & Davies, 1995

GSF1

Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc

21°20′08.1″ N, 105°30′32.4″ E

997

2013-11-09

OQ117829

N/A

GSF2

Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc

21°20′08.1″ N, 105°30′32.4″ E

997

2013-11-09

OQ117830

N/A

GSF3

Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc

21°20′08.1″ N, 105°30′32.4″ E

997

2013-11-09

OQ117831

N/A

GSF4

Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc

21°20′08.1″ N, 105°30′32.4″ E

997

2013-11-09

OQ117832

N/A

S. obliquum Takaoka & Low, 2017

OBQ1^a

Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An

18°58′45.918″ N, 109°50′10.693″ E

162

2015-12-09

OQ117833

N/A

OBQ2^a

Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An

18°58′45.918″ N, 109°50′10.693″ E

162

2015-12-09

OQ117834

N/A

OBQ3^a

Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An

18°58′45.918″ N, 109°50′10.693″ E

162

2015-12-09

OQ117835

N/A

OBQ4^a

Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An

18°58′45.918″ N, 109°50′10.693″ E

162

2015-12-09

OQ117836

N/A

S. daoense Takaoka & Adler, 2017

DAO1^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°23′03.208″ N, 103°50′58.990″ E

1315

2014-12-22

OQ117837

N/A

DAO2^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°23′03.208″ N, 103°50′58.990″ E

1315

2014-12-22

OQ117838

N/A

DAO3^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°23′03.208″ N, 103°50′58.990″ E

1315

2014-12-22

OQ117839

N/A

DAO4^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°23′03.208″ N, 103°50′58.990″ E

1315

2014-12-22

OQ117840

N/A

S. lacduongense Takaoka & Ya′cob, 2015

LAC1^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°08′32.409″ N, 108°38′58.318″ E

1440

2014-04-24

OQ117841

N/A

S. laui Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun, 2015

LAU1^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°01′49.981″ N, 108°21′51.175″ E

1415

2014-04-23

OQ117842

N/A

LAU2^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°01′49.981″ N, 108°21′51.175″ E

1415

2014-04-23

OQ117843

N/A

LAU3^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°01′49.981″ N, 108°21′51.175″ E

1415

2014-04-23

OQ117844

N/A

LAU4^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°01′49.981″ N, 108°21′51.175″ E

1415

2014-04-23

OQ117845

N/A

S. nodosum Puri, 1933

NDS1

Quy Chau, Nghe An

N/A

N/A

2015-12-10

OQ117846

N/A

NDS2

Quy Chau, Nghe An

19°30′45.487″ N, 105°09′09.261″ E

73

2015-12-11

OQ117847

N/A

NDS3

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°08′32.409″ N, 108°38′58.318″ E

1439

2014-04-24

OQ117849

N/A

NDS4

Tam Dao, Vinh Phuc

21°27′40.4" N, 105°34′20.0" E

283

2013-11-11

OQ117848

N/A

S. nakhonense Takaoka & Suzuki, 1984

NKH1

Pu Mat, Nghe An

18°58′45.918″ N, 109°50′10.693″ E

162

2015-12-09

OQ117850

OQ427852

NKH2

Pu Mat, Nghe An

N/A

N/A

2015-12-10

OQ117851

N/A

NKH3

Pu Mat, Nghe An

N/A

N/A

2015-12-10

OQ117852

N/A

NKH4

Pu Mat, Nghe An

N/A

N/A

2015-12-10

OQ117853

N/A

S. quinquestriatum Shiraki, 1935

QQS1

Quy Chau, Nghe An

19°30′45.607″ N, 105°09′16.430″

80

2015-12-11

OQ117854

N/A

S. tavanense Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun, 2017

TVA1^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°18′33.255″ N, 103°53′12.129″ E

999

2014-12-21

OQ117855

N/A

TVA2^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°18′23.788″ N, 103°53′42.780″ E

999

2014-12-21

OQ117856

N/A

TVA3^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°18′23.788″ N, 103°53′42.780″ E

999

2014-12-21

OQ117857

N/A

S. taythienense Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Ya’cob, 2014

TTY1

Pu Mat, Nghe An

N/A

N/A

2015-12-09

OQ117858

N/A

TTY2

Pu Mat, Nghe An

N/A

N/A

2015-12-09

OQ117859

N/A

TTY3

Pu Mat, Nghe An

N/A

N/A

2015-12-09

OQ117860

N/A

TTY4

Pu Mat, Nghe An

N/A

N/A

2015-12-09

OQ117861

N/A

S. xuandai Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Ya'cob, 2014

XDA1

Da Lat, Lam Dong

11°59′26.0″ N, 108°22′06.0″ E

1443

2014-04-22

OQ117862

N/A

S. congi Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun, 2015

COG1^a

Da Lat, Lam Dong

12°06′06.888″ N, 108°22′02.797″ E

1722

2014-04-23

OQ117863

N/A

S. doipuiense Takaoka & Choochote, 2005 complex

DPU1

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°18′48.0" N, 103°53′10.0" E

1105

2014-12-21

OQ117864

N/A

DPU2

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°18′48.0" N, 103°53′10.0" E

1105

2014-12-21

OQ117865

N/A

DPU3

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°15′30.0" N, 103°50′39.0" E

1201

2014-12-22

OQ117866

N/A

DPU4

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°23′03.208″ N, 103°50′58.990″ E

N/A

2014-04-23

OQ117867

N/A

S. lowi Takaoka & Adler, 2017

LOW1^a

Tam Dao, Vinh Phuc

21°27′30.1" N, 105°38′56.5" E

975

2013-11-08

OQ117868

N/A

LOW2^a

Tam Dao, Vinh Phuc

21°27′30.1" N, 105°38′56.5" E

975

2013-11-08

OQ117869

N/A

S. rosliramlii Takaoka & Chen, 2017

ROS1^b

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°22′22.719″ N, 103°45′24.852″ E

1728

2014-12-20

OQ117870

N/A

ROS2^b

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°22′22.719″ N, 103°45′24.852″ E

1728

2014-12-20

OQ117871

N/A

ROS3^b

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°22′22.719″ N, 103°45′24.852″ E

1728

2014-12-20

OQ117872

N/A

ROS4^b

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°22′22.719″ N, 103°45′24.852″ E

1728

2014-12-20

OQ117873

N/A

S. sapaense Takaoka & Low, 2017

SAP1^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°22′05.320″ N, 103°47′34.403″ E

1680

2014-12-20

OQ117874

N/A

SAP2^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°21′43.110″ N, 103°47′19.221″ E

1750

2014-12-20

OQ117875

N/A

SAP3^a

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°23′03.208″ N, 103°50′58.990″ E

1750

2014-12-22

OQ117876

N/A

S. suoivangense Takaoka & Pham, 2017

SVG1^b

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°10′56.408″ N, 108°40′48.152″ E

1452

2014-04-22

OQ117877

N/A

SVG2^b

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°10′56.408″ N, 108°40′48.152″ E

1452

2014-04-22

OQ117878

N/A

SVG3^b

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°10′56.408″ N, 108°40′48.152″ E

1452

2014-04-22

OQ117879

N/A

SVG4^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°10′56.408″ N, 108°40′48.152″ E

1452

2014-04-22

OQ117880

N/A

S. tani Takaoka & Davies, 1995 complex

TN1

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°01′24.991″ N, 108°25′30.704″ E

1539

2014-04-25

OQ117881

N/A

TN2

Luoi, Thua Thien Hue

16°18′16.209″ N, 107°12′48.027″ E

628

2014-02-24

OQ117882

N/A

TN3

Quy Chau, Nghe An

18°58′45.918″ N, 109°50′10.693″ E

162

2015-12-09

OQ117883

N/A

TN4

Quy Chau, Nghe An

19°30′45.487″ N, 105°09′09.261″ E

73

2015-12-11

OQ117884

N/A

S. xuandei Takaoka & Pham, 2015

XDE1^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°07′59.430″ N, 108°35′42.001″ E

1492

2014-04-24

OQ117885

N/A

XDE2^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°07′59.430″ N, 108°35′42.001″ E

1492

2014-04-24

OQ117886

N/A

XDE3^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°07′59.430″ N, 108°35′42.001″ E

1492

2014-04-24

OQ117887

N/A

XDE4^a

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°07′59.430″ N, 108°35′42.001″ E

1492

2014-04-24

OQ117888

N/A

S. chamlongi Takaoka & Suzuki, 1984

CAM1

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°07′59.430″ N, 108°35′42.001″ E

1492

2014-04-24

OQ117889

N/A

CAM2

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°07′59.430″ N, 108°35′42.001″ E

1492

2014-04-24

OQ117890

N/A

CAM3

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°07′59.430″ N, 108°35′42.001″ E

1492

2014-04-24

OQ117891

N/A

CAM4

Lac Duong, Lam Dong

12°07′59.430″ N, 108°35′42.001″ E

1492

2014-04-24

OQ117892

N/A

S. phuluense Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun, 2017

PLU1^b

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°21′43.110″ N, 103°47′19.221″ E

1750

2014-12-20

OQ117893

N/A

PLU2^b

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°19′44.349″ N, 103°49′49.930″ E

1194

2014-12-20

OQ117894

N/A

PLU3^b

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°23′03.208″ N, 103°50′58.990″ E

1192

2014-12-23

OQ117895

N/A

PLU4^b

Sa Pa, Lao Cai

22°23′03.208″ N, 103°50′58.990″ E

1192

2014-12-23

OQ117896

N/A