Pharmacokinetics of fluralaner as a systemic drug to control infestations of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, in poultry facilities

Table 2 Comparison of plasma pharmacokinetic parameters after gavage administration of fluralaner (0.5 mg/kg body mass on day 0 and again on day 7) in 9 chickens

pK parameters	Unit	Group 1: Geometric mean ± standard deviation (coefficient of variation) n = 5	Group 2: Geometric mean ± standard deviation (coefficient of variation) n = 4	P-value^k	Combined Geometric mean ± standard deviation (coefficient of variation) n = 9
R²		0.99 ± 1.0 (0.93)	0.99 ± 1.0 (1.1)	0.935	0.99 ± 1.0 (0.9)
λz^a	1/day	0.09 ± 1.4 (34.0)	0.11 ± 1.2 (17.4)	0.207	0.098 ± 1.3 (30.1)
HL_λz^b	Day	8.0 ± 1.4 (34.0)	6.1 ± 1.2 (17.4)	0.142	7.1 ± 1.3 (30.1)
T_max^c	Day	9.0 ± 0.0 (0.0)	9.0 ± 0.0 (0.0)	1.000	9.0 ± 0.0 (0.0)
C_max^d	ng/ml	105.2 ± 1.2 (15.2)	107.8 ± 1.3 (26.3)	0.805	106.4 ± 1.2 (19.3)
AUC_last^e	ng*day/ml	1071.1 ± 1.2 (20.5)	893.3 ± 1.2 (17.6)	0.194	988.1 ± 1.2 (20.5)
AUC_inf^f	ng*day/ml	1313.3 ± 1.3 (29.0)	990.6 ± 1.2 (15.4)	0.111	1158.6 ± 1.3 (27.2)
AUC_extrap^g	%	15.7 ± 1.9 (74.8)	9.4 ± 1.4 (33.5)	0.106	12.5 ± 1.8 (62.9)
Vz_F^h	l/kg	4.4 ± 1.2 (18.7)	4.4 ± 1.3 (28.7)	0.892	4.4 ± 1.2 (21.9)
Cl_Fⁱ	l/kg/day	0.4 ± 1.3 (29.1)	0.5 ± 1.2 (15.3)	0.103	0.4 ± 1.3 (27.3)
MRT^j	Day	12.0 ± 1.4 (31.4)	9.1 ± 1.1 (11.9)	0.102	10.6 ± 1.3 (27.7)

^aλz elimination rate constant
^bHL_λz terminal half life
^cT_max time to the peak concentration
^dC_max peak concentration
^eAUC_last area under the curve from time zero to the last time point
^fAUC_inf area under the curve from time zero to infinity
^gAUC_extrap extrapolation of AUC
^hCl_F clearance per fraction absorbed
ⁱVz_F volume of distribution per fraction absorbed
^jMRT mean residence time
^kNo statistically significant differences were found in any parameter between the two groups of chickens (two-tailed t-tests, α = 0.05)

ISSN: 1756-3305