Fig. 1

Estimates of ADI_D and R₀ based on HLCs. a, b Seasonal variation of ADI (a) and MOI (b) in the wild population of Aedes albopictus in Guangzhou. Horizontal lines in the boxes show the median and the bars crossing the boxes show the maximum and minimum except outliers. Black dots show outliers, while 11 outliers are not shown in (b) for better visualization of the seasonal dynamic of ADI. c, d Temporal variations of the ADI_D (c) and R₀ (d) between March 2015 and February 2017, Guangzhou. e, f Temporal variations of the ADI_D (c) and R₀ (d) in four land use categories between March 2015 and February 2017, Guangzhou. In c–f, black lines represent the smoothed time series estimated with a kernel regression model. Orange and purple regions indicate the 95% confidence intervals of the smoothed time series of ADI_D and R₀, respectively. ADI_D = daily ADI