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Fig. 3 | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 3

From: Anopheles gambiae larvae’s ability to grow and emerge in water containing lethal concentrations of clothianidin, acetamiprid, or imidacloprid is consistent with cross-resistance to neonicotinoids

Fig. 3

Kaplan–Meier survival curves (lines) with 95% confidence intervals (colored bands) of L3 larvae reared in water containing a lethal concentration of pesticide. Survival probabilities of four wild populations were compared under controlled laboratory conditions. + indicates emergence that occurred before the end of the experiment and was treated as censored data. Filled diamonds: log-rank test indicates An. gambiae (Nkolondom) has higher survival compared to An. gambiae (Nkolnkoumou) and to An. coluzzii (Etoa Meki)

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Parasites & Vectors

ISSN: 1756-3305

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