Figure 1From: Toll-like receptor activation by helminths or helminth products to alleviate inflammatory bowel diseaseTLR induction of inflammation by parasitic infection. MyD88, TLRs and toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein inducing interferon (TRIF) signal transduction is activated by helminth infection, which results in the activation of NF-κB, IRF7 and IRF3 for the induction of type I interferons (TRIF-dependent pathway). Activation of NF-κB is required for the induction of inflammatory cytokines.Back to article page