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Table 2 Estimates of summary RRs and protection rates of the antischistosomal drugs' efficacy

From: Efficacy of praziquantel and artemisinin derivatives for the treatment and prevention of human schistosomiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Studies included

Trials (n)*

Participants (N1/N2)Δ

Pooled RRs (95% CI)â–²

Protection rates % (95% CI)

Heterogeneity test, P values

PZQ for treatment

16

4108/5331§

-

-

-

   • RCT designed (20 mg/kg) against S. mansoni

1

4/2

0.84 (0.39, 1.81)

16 (-81, 61)

-

   • RCT designed (30-60 mg/kg)

8

348/220

0.27 (0.22, 0.33)

73 (67, 78)

0.88

•S. haematobium

5

220/164

0.28 (0.22, 0.35)

72 (65, 78)

0.70

•S. mansoni

2

12/13

0.30 (0.12, 0.75)

70 (25, 88)

0.85

•S. japonicum

1

116/43

0.24 (0.17, 0.33)

76 (67, 83)

-

   • nRCT designed (40 mg/kg)

3

2375/2847

0.48 (0.45, 0.51)

52 (49, 55)

<0.01

   • nRCT designed (60/(40 × 2)/(30 × 2 + 40) mg/kg)

4

1381/2262

0.09 (0.08, 0.12)

91 (88, 92)

0.17

PZQ for prevention against S. japonicum

3

2405/121

-

-

-

   • RCT designed

2

155/61§

0.02 (0.01, 0.07)

98 (93, 99)

0.15

   • nRCT designed

1

2250/60

0.00 (0.00, 0.00)

100

-

AM for prevention (6 mg/kg) (RCTs)

13

4030/3771§

-

-

-

   • 2-3 doses by 15-day interval against S. japonicum by short term exposure during fighting against floods

1

202/212

0.09 (0.03, 0.24)

91 (76, 97)

-

   • 4-7 doses by 15-day interval against S. japonicum

3

713/706

0.35 (0.24, 0.50)

65 (50, 76)

0.65

   • 8-13 doses by 15-day interval against S. japonicum

6

2429/2563

0.10 (0.05, 0.21)

90 (79, 95)

<0.01

   • 6-7 doses by 3-week interval against S. mansoni

1

128/140

0.50 (0.35, 0.71)

50 (29, 65)

-

   • 6-7 doses by 1-month interval against S. haematobium and S. japonicum

2

558/737

0.76 (0.63, 0.92)

24 (8, 37)

0.88

AS (6 mg/kg) for preventing S. japonicum infection (RCTs)

14

5012/5241

-

-

-

   • 3 doses by 1-week interval

1

168/200

0.11 (0.03, 0.45)

89 (55, 97)

-

   • 8 doses by 1-week interval

4

813/720

0.03 (0.01, 0.12)

97 (88, 99)

0.89

   • 3-5 doses by 2-week interval

4

714/768

0.29 (0.16, 0.52)

71 (48, 84)

0.20

   • 8-14 doses by 2-week interval

5

3317/3553

0.05 (0.03, 0.09)

95 (91, 97)

0.93

AS (4 mg/kg × 3 doses) for treating S. haematobia (RCTs)

2

132/74

0.55 (0.17, 1.78)

45 (-78, 83)

<0.01

PZQ + AM/AS for treatment (RCTs)

4

227/234

0.61 (0.39, 0.96)

84 (64, 91) †

0.62

   • PZQ + AM against S. japonicum

1

95/101

0.53 (0.10, 2.84)

86 (6, 98) †

-

   • PZQ + AS against S. haematobium

2

132/133

0.62 (0.38, 0.99)

83 (62, 92) †

0.33

PZQ + AS for prevention against S. japonicum (nRCT)

1

1362/112

0.04 (0.01, 0.22)

96 (78, 99)

-

  1. * There are 39 studies with53 trials included as some of the studies have multiple drugs trials.
  2. Δ N1/N2= the number of participants in test group/the number of participants in control group.
  3. ▲ Pooled RRs (95% CI) are presented which were calculated by fixed-effects model when P value ≥0.05 of heterogeneity test, and by random-effects model if not.
  4. † Their average protection rates and 95% CI were calculated when the drugs given to the controls were transformed into placebo (based on the RCTs results of PZQ 30-60 mg/kg for treatment).
  5. § The sum of participants in subgroups doesn't equal the true total because some studies [35, 39, 64] have the same control participants.
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Parasites & Vectors

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