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Table 4 Pathogen association in co-infected ticks

From: Occurrence and identification of risk areas of Ixodes ricinus-borne pathogens: a cost-effectiveness analysis in north-eastern Italy

Co-infected ticks

Pathogen associations

double co-infection

 

3

R. helvetica-B. garinii

3

R. helvetica-Ca. N. mikurensis

1

R. monacensis-B. afzelii

1

R. monacensis-Ca. N. mikurensis

1

R. monacensis-B. valaisiana

1

B. afzelii-Ca. N. mikurensis

1

B. garinii/B. valaisiana

1

B. garinii-Ca. N. mikurensis

1

TBE-B. burgdorferi s.s.

triple co-infection

 

1

TBE-B. burgdorferi s.s.-B. afzelii

1

R. monacensis-B. afzelii-Ca. N. mikurensis

1

R. monacensis-B. burgdorferi s.s.-Ca. N. mikurensis

1

B. valaisiana-Babesia EU1-Ca. N. mikurensis