Impact of three years of large scale Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) interventions on insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Benin

Table 2 Kdr frequency in surviving An.gambiae s.l. population 24 h post-exposure to insecticides

Locality	Years	Number of survivors tested	Species Ag	Molecular forms M	*kdr* mutation
					RR	RS	SS	*kdr* frequency (%)
Control area (Plateau zone)	2007	27	27	27	21	6	0	0.89^a
	2009	30	30	30	24	6	0	0.90^a
	2010	25	25	25	22	3	0	0.86^a
Control area (Flood zone)	2007	25	25	25	21	4	0	0.92^a
	2009	28	28	28	23	5	0	0.91^a
	2010	25	25	25	22	3	0	0.82^a
Adjohoun (LLIN area)	2007	50	50	50	22	20	8	0,64^a
	2009	30	30	30	11	14	5	0,60^a
	2010	24	24	24	16	8	0	0.83^b
Dangbo (IRS area)	2007	58	58	58	37	17	4	0,78^a
	2009	60	60	60	38	22	0	0.82^a
	2010	25	25	25	19	6	0	0.88^a
Misserete (IRS area)	2007	56	56	56	40	16	0	0.86^a
	2009	30	30	30	23	6	1	0.87^a
	2010	22	22	22	18	4	0	0.91^a
Seme (LLIN area)	2007	54	54	54	49	1	4	0,92^a
	2009	21	21	21	19	2	0	0,95^a
	2010	25	25	25	20	5	0	0,90^a

Ag: An. gambiae; Numbers in the same column sharing the same superscript do not differ significantly (p > 0, 05)

ISSN: 1756-3305