Impact of three years of large scale Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) interventions on insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Benin

Table 3 Kdr frequency in dead An.gambiae s.l. population 24 h post-exposure to insecticides

Locality	Years	Number of dead tested	Species Ag	Molecular forms M	*kdr* mutation
					RR	RS	SS	*kdr* frequency (%)
Control area (Plateau zone)	2007	27	27	27	20	7	0	0.87^a
	2009	30	30	30	22	8	0	0.87^a
	2010	25	25	25	20	3	2	0.86^a
Control area (Flood zone)	2007	25	25	25	20	5	0	0.90^a
	2009	28	28	28	20	8	0	0.86^a
	2010	25	25	25	19	3	3	0.82^a
Adjohoun (LLIN area)	2007	50	50	50	21	25	4	0.67^a
	2009	30	30	30	15	10	5	0,66^a
	2010	24	24	24	14	9	1	0,77^b
Dangbo (IRS area)	2007	58	58	58	33	19	6	0,73^a
	2009	60	60	60	34	22	4	0,75^a
	2010	25	25	25	15	6	4	0.72^a
Misserete (IRS area)	2007	56	56	56	39	17	0	0.85^a
	2009	30	30	30	22	6	3	0.81^a
	2010	22	22	22	18	4	3	0.80^a
Seme (LLIN area)	2007	54	54	54	45	5	4	0.88^a
	2009	21	21	21	15	5	1	0,83^a
	2010	25	25	25	19	4	2	0,84^a

Ag: An. gambiae; Numbers in the same column sharing the same superscript do not differ significantly (p > 0, 05)

ISSN: 1756-3305