Table 5 Tick/micro-organism associations for which pathogenic status and vector status for human should be investigated as a priority: pathogens and suspected pathogens/tick species associations found abroad or in Belgium referenced in the literature for tick species found in Belgium

I. ricinus

V

burgdorferi sensu stricto * , afzelii * , garinii *, lusitaniae valaisiana * , spielmanii *, sp bavariensis *, miyamotoi*,

venatorum * , divergens * , microti *

helvetica

F. tularensis* A. phagocytophilum *

CCHF*, TBEV*, Louping Ill*

U

ruskii

bovis, bigemina, rodhaini

prowazekii*, conorii * , slovaca*, monacensis*, felis*, massiliae*, typhi*, sp.

C. burnetii *

WNV*, Eyack*, Erve* Tettnang*, Tribec*, KEMV*

Bartonella henselae*, Serratia marcescens*, Staphylococcus aureus*, Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis*, Toxoplasma gondii*, Pasteurella pneumotropica*, Chromobacterium violaceum*, Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, Diplorickettsia massilinsis

I. frontalis

U

afzelii * , garinii * , turdi-like burgdorferi sensu lato,

C. burnetii*

KEMV*, TBEV*

Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis*

I. acuminatus

U

burgdorferi sensu lato

C. burnetii* F. tularensis*

Bhanja

I. hexagonus

V

burgdorferi sensu lato

TBEV*

U

burgdorferi sensu stricto *, valaisiana *, spielmanii *, garinii *, afzelii *, lusitaniae , bavariensis*

microti*, bovis

conorii*, helvetica , sp.

A. phagocytophilum *

Erve*

I. arboricola

U

garinii * , valaisiana * afzelii * , burgdorferi sensu lato, spielmanii *

helvetica, sp.

TBEV*

I. lividus

U

burgdorferi sensu stricto*, garinii*

(heilongjiangensis), sp.

C. burnetii*

TBEV* Kama

I. canisuga

U

burgdorferi sensu lato

TBEV*

Yersinia pestis (Plague) *

I. trianguliceps

V

microti*

U

burgdorferi sensu lato, afzelii*, garinii*

C. burnetii*, F. tularensis* A. phagocytophilum*

Louping-ill*, TBEV*, CCHF*

I. vespertilionis

U

Kul, TBEV*

D. reticulatus

V

microti*

sibirica*

C. burnetii*

OHF*

U

burgdorferi sensu lato

divergens* bigemina

slovaka*, canada*, conorii*, sp, helvetica*, raoultii*

F. tularensis* Francisella-like A. phagocytophilum *

TBEV*

Bartonella henselae*

R. sanguineus

V

conorii*

CCHF*

U

burgdorferi sensu lato

microti-like*, gibsoni

Candidatus rickettsia kulagini, massiliae *, canis, felis*, rickettsi*, rhipicephali,

C. burnetii*, A. phagocytophilum*

Thogoto*

Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia ewingii Hepatozoon canis, Salmonella bacteria, Batonella vinsonii, Rangelia vitalii, Dipetalonema dracunculoides, Mycoplasma haemocanis, Leishmania infantum

A. reflexus

U

C. burnetii*

WNV*, TBEV*, NYMV, QRFV

A. vespertilionis

U

burgdorferi sensu lato, borrelia sp

C. burnetii*

rabies*, IK (KTR),SOK

Wolbachia persica, Treponoma vespertilionis

H. aegyptium

U

turcica, sp

C. burnetii*