Table 2 Important mosquito-borne pathogens that cause disease in humans
From: Development of guidelines for the surveillance of invasive mosquitoes in Europe
Arboviruses | Transmission in Europe | Important vectors to human |
|---|---|---|
Chikungunya | Italy 2007; France 2010 | Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus |
Dengue 1–4 | Until early 20th century in southern Europe; Croatia and France 2010, Portugal (Madeira) 2012 | Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus |
Eastern equine encephalitis, La Crosse encephalitis, Rift Valley fever | – | Aedes spp., Culex spp. |
Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, St Louis encephalitis, Ross River fever, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis | – | Culex spp. |
Sindbis | Endemic in northern Europe | Ae. cinereus, Cx. pipiens |
West Nile | Endemic in southern Europe | Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. perexiguus |
Yellow fever | Until 19th century, mainly in ports and occasionally inland in southern Europe | Ae. aegypti, Ae. africanus, Haemagogus spp. |
Plasmodium protozoa | ||
Malaria | Endemic until mid-20th century; since then sporadic cases; epidemic in Greece 2011, 2012 | Anopheles spp. |