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Table 2 Characterization of Aedes aegypti from laboratory colonies and sampled populations

From: The susceptibility of Aedes aegypti populations displaying temephos resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis: a basis for management

   

Temephos

Detoxifying enzymesa

Sample

Origin

Exposure b

RR 95 c

Status d

GST

α-est

P-est

β-est

MFO

Rockefeller

Laboratory

N

1.0

S

RF

RF

RF

RF

RF

RecL

Laboratory

N

1.0

S

U

U

U

U

U

RecR (F20)e

Laboratory

Temephos

179.8

HR

A

A

U

U

A

F. de Noronha

Field

Bti

2.4

S

HA

A

HA

U

U

Bacabal

Field

Temephos

6.6

MR

HA

A

A

U

A

Recife

Field

Temephos/Bti

7.1

MR

A

U

U

U

U

Macapá

Field

Temephos/Bti/IGR

11.0

HR

A

HA

HA

A

U

João Pessoa

Field

Temephos/Bti/IGR

11.7

HR

HA

A

HA

U

U

Salgueiro

Field

Temephos

60.0

HR

HA

U

HA

U

A

G. do Goitá

Field

Temephos

72.0

HR

A

A

A

U

U

Oiapoque

Field

Temephos

102.5

HR

A

HA

HA

U

U

Cedro

Field

Temephos

132.7

HR

HA

A

A

U

HA

A. da Ingazeira

Field

Temephos

120.6

HR

HA

HA

HA

A

U

S. J. do Egito

Field

Temephos

124.7

HR

HA

U

A

U

A

S. C. do Capibaribe

Field

Temephos

142.4

HR

HA

A

HA

U

U

Agrestina

Field

Temephos

212.6

HR

HA

A

A

U

A

Araripina

Field

Temephos

252.7

HR

A

HA

A

U

U

  1. aGST (glutathione-S-transferases), α-est (α-esterases), P-est (PNPA esterases), β-est (β-esterases) and MFO (mixed-function oxidases) were classified according to Brasil (2006): RF-reference, U-unaltered, A-altered, HA-highly altered.
  2. bExposure records until 2010 for temephos, Bti-Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis, IGR (Diflubenzuron or Novaluron).
  3. cResistance Ratio at Lethal Concentrations (mg/L) for 95% of exposed larvae after 24 h: LC for sample tested/LC for the Rockefeller colony.
  4. dClassification adapted from Mazzari and Georghiou (1995): S-Susceptible (RR < 3), LR-Low Resistance (3 < RR < 5), MR-Moderate Resistance (5 < RR < 10), HR-High Resistance (>10).
  5. eData from Strode et al. (2012).
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Parasites & Vectors

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