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Table 1 Seasonal diversity in larval habitats of mosquitoes in rural (Yondarou, Thui), peri-urban (Pèdè) and urban (Kossarou) Kandi

From: Dry season refugia for anopheline larvae and mapping of the seasonal distribution in mosquito larval habitats in Kandi, northeastern Benin

Study sites

Nature of larval habitats

Wetseason

Dry season

Total

  

Total 1

%

CI-95%

Total 2

%

CI-95%

Total

%

CI-95%

Yondarou (rural)

Rain water collections

13

37.14a.b

[21.47- 55.08]

0

0.00a

[00.00- 11.95]

13

20.31a

[11.28- 32.22]

Various holes

5

14.29b.c

[04.81- 30.26]

0

0.00a

[00.00- 11.95]

5

7.81b

[02.53- 17.30]

In shallow aquifer

1

2.86c

[00.07- 14.92]

0

0.00a

[00.00- 11.95]

1

1.56b

[00.04- 08.40]

Domestic habitats

15

42.86b

[26.32- 60.65]

21

72.41b

[34.85- 98.73]

36

56.25a.c

[09.90- 81.59]

Cisterns/Wells

0

0.00c

[00.00- 10.00]

2

6.90a

[00.85- 22.77]

2

3.13b

[00.38- 10.84]

Around public standpipes

0

0.00c

[00.00- 10.00]

2

6.90a

[00.85- 22.77]

2

3.13b

[00.38- 10.84]

Polluted water collections

0

0.00c

[00.00- 10.00]

1

3.45a

[00.09- 17.77]

1

1.56b

[00.05- 08.40]

Others

1

2.86c

[00.07- 14.92]

3

10.34a

[02.19- 27.35]

4

6.25b

[01.73- 15.24]

Total

35

100

-

29

100.00

-

64

100

-

Thui (rural)

Rain water collections

7

77.78a

[39.99- 97.19]

0

0.00a

[00.00- 40.96]

7

43.75a

[19.75- 70.12]

Various holes

2

22.22a.b

[02.81- 60.01]

0

0.00a

[00.00- 40.96]

2

12.50b

[01.67- 99.30]

Domestic habitats

0

0.00b

[00.00- 33.63]

3

42.86a.b

[09.90- 81.59]

3

18.75a.b

[04.05- 45.65]

Cisterns/Wells

0

0.00b

[00.00- 33.63]

3

42.86a.b

[09.90- 81.59]

3

18.75a.b

[04.05- 45.65]

Polluted water collections

0

0.00b

[00.00- 33.63]

1

14.29a.c

[00.36- 57.87]

1

6.25b.c

[00.19- 30.23]

Total

9

100

-

7

100

-

16

100

-

Pèdè (peri-urban)

Rain water collections

29

82.86a

[66.35- 93.44]

0

0.00a

[00.00- 30.85]

29

64.44a

[48.78- 78.13]

Various holes

2

5.71b

[00.70- 19.16]

0

0.00a

[00.00- 30.85]

2

4.44b

[00.54- 15.15]

In shallow aquifer

1

2.86b

[00.70- 14.92]

0

0.00a

[00.00- 30.85]

1

2.22b

[00.06- 11.77]

Domestic habitats

0

0.00b

[00.00- 10.00]

0

0.00a

[00.00- 30.85]

0

0.00c

[00.00- 07.87]

Cisterns/Wells

0

0.00b

[00.00- 10.00]

7

70.00b

[34.75- 93.33]

7

15.56d

[06.49- 29.46]

Around public standpipes

2

5.71b

[00.70- 19.16]

3

30.00a.b

[06.67- 65.25]

5

11.11d

[03.71- 24.05]

Polluted water collections

1

2.86b

[00.70- 14.92]

0

0.00a

[00.00- 30.85]

1

2.22b

[00.06- 11.77]

Total

35

100

-

10

100

-

45

100

-

Kossarou (urban)

Rain water collections

34

65.38a

[50.91- 78.03]

0

0.00a

[00.00- 30.85]

34

54.84a

[41.68- 67.52]

Various holes

6

11.54b

[04.35- 23.44]

0

0.00a

[00.00- 30.85]

6

9.68b

[03.63- 19.88]

Domestic habitats

11

21.15b.c

[11.70- 46.42]

0

0.00a

[00.00- 30.85]

11

17.74b.c

[08.42- 31.01]

Cisterns/Wells

0

0.00d

[00.00- 06.85]

5

50.00b

[18.71- 81.29]

5

8.06b

[02.67- 17.83]

Polluted water collections

1

1.92d

[00.05- 16.26]

5

50.00b

[18.71- 81.29]

6

9.68b

[03.63- 19.88]

Total

52

100

-

10

100

-

62

100

-

 

Total

131

70.05

[63.49- 76.62]

56

29.95

[23.38- 36.51]

187

100

 
  1. *Types of larval breeding habitats that were not mentioned at a study sites (Table 1) should be considered as not present in this location.
  2. CI-95%: 95%-Confidence Interval.
  3. a,b,c,dValues with the same superscript do not differ significantly at α = 0.05.