Insecticide resistance in Anopheles arabiensis in Sudan: temporal trends and underlying mechanisms

Parasites & Vectors

Table 4 Summary of L1014F kdr genotypes and allele frequencies in alive and dead An. arabiensis exposed to pyrethroid and DDT from all sentinel sites in central Sudan during all 3 years of collection

Insecticide	Phenotype	*Kdr* genotype				Number of alleles		Allele frequency		Association test
		FF	LF	LL	Total	F	L	Freq. (F)	Freq. (L)	Pearson χ²	OR	LCI	UCI
Permethrin	Survivors	272	89	30	391	633	149	0.81	0.19	<.0001	15.54	12.26	19.69
Permethrin	Dead	23	155	290	468	201	735	0.21	0.79	<.0001	15.54	12.26	19.69
Deltamethrin	Survivors	143	68	6	217	354	80	0.82	0.18	<.0001	12.99	9.79	17.23
Deltamethrin	Dead	32	180	268	480	244	716	0.25	0.75	<.0001	12.99	9.79	17.23
DDT	Survivors	149	165	38	352	463	241	0.66	0.34	<.0001	7.81	6.25	9.74
DDT	Dead	13	166	307	486	192	780	0.20	0.80	<.0001	7.81	6.25	9.74

OR = odds ratio for association of 1014 F with resistance. LCI/UCI = lower and upper C.I.s of OR.

ISSN: 1756-3305