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Table 2 Univariate analysis of risk factors for STH infections in schoolchildren of rural Honduras ( n = 320)

From: School hygiene and deworming are key protective factors for reduced transmission of soil-transmitted helminths among schoolchildren in Honduras

         

A. lumbricoides

 

T. trichiura

 

Variables

A. lumbricoides

 

T. trichiura

 

Hookworms

 

Mixed infections

 

Mod-heavy (n = 97)

 

Mod-heavy (n = 214)

 
 

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Agea

0.94 (0.78-1.12)

0.488

1.14 (0.97-1.35)

0.119

1.23 (0.99-1.52)

0.053

1.01 (0.85-1.21)

0.862

1.02 (0.78-1.34)

0.867

0.99 (0.79-1.24)

0.926

Sex (boys vs. girls)

1.40 (0.87-2.27)

0.168

1.06 (0.66-1.69)

0.815

2.07 (1.10-3.90)

0.023

1.64 (1.02-2.65)

0.041

1.55 (0.68-3.55)

0.295

1.02 (0.55-1.87)

0.959

SESb

0.73 (0.61-0.88)

0.001

0.77 (0.65-0.90)

0.002

0.83 (0.67-1.03)

0.093

0.75 (0.63-0.89)

0.001

0.96 (0.72-1.28)

0.790

0.80 (0.65-0.99)

0.044

Earthen floor at home (total-partial vs. cement-tile)

1.90 (1.17-3.11)

0.010

2.95 (1.73-5.05)

<0.001

1.48 (0.80-2.71)

0.207

1.96 (1.21-3.17)

0.007

1.60 (0.70-3.65)

0.267

1.85 (1.00-3.42)

0.050

Sanitary facility at home (none vs. latrine-toilet)

2.63 (1.34-5.17)

0.005

3.95 (1.50-10.42)

0.006

2.65 (1.24-5.65)

0.012

3.00 (1.53-5.90)

0.001

0.60 (0.22-1.63)

0.321

2.45 (1.15-5.21)

0.020

Piped water at home (no vs. yes)

2.15 (1.12-4.13)

0.021

2.48 (1.11-5.55)

0.027

0.81 (0.32-2.03)

0.654

1.94 (1.01-3.70)

0.045

1.01 (0.37-2.77)

0.983

0.50 (0.19-1.27)

0.145

Handwashing (occasionally vs. regularly)

2.08 (1.00-4.33)

0.050

3.04 (1.14-8.13)

0.027

1.19 (0.47-3.06)

0.711

1.88 (0.91-3.91)

0.089

0.73 (0.24-2.22)

0.582

1.36 (0.58-3.22)

0.482

Open defecation (occasional-habitual vs. no)

3.11 (1.86-5.20)

<0.001

3.03 (1.66-5.54)

<0.001

1.99 (1.07-3.70)

0.030

3.30 (1.98-5.50)

<0.001

0.95 (0.42-2.15)

0.898

2.04 (1.10-3.81)

0.024

Wearing shoes outdoors (no vs. yes)

1.67 (1.03-2.71)

0.038

1.25 (0.78-2.00)

0.344

1.21 (0.66-2.21)

0.538

1.64 (1.02-2.63)

0.042

1.80 (0.78-4.15)

0.165

2.71 (1.41-5.18)

0.003

Domestic chores (outdoor vs. indoor)

2.45 (1.39-4.35)

0.002

2.12 (1.09-4.12)

0.026

1.53 (0.76-3.10)

0.231

2.58 (1.46-4.56)

0.001

1.75 (0.69-4.43)

0.234

1.47 (0.73-2.94)

0.281

Recalled expelling worms (yes vs. no)

1.83 (1.11-3.02)

0.019

1.46 (0.91-2.34)

0.113

1.39 (0.74-2.59)

0.301

1.73 (1.06-2.82)

0.028

2.43 (1.01-5.85)

0.048

1.53 (0.80-2.91)

0.195

Recalled previous deworming (yes vs. no)c

0.71 (0.34-1.47)

0.354

1.57 (0.76-3.21)

0.219

0.76 (0.31-1.85)

0.549

0.78 (0.38-1.63)

0.513

1.79 (0.55-5.84)

0.337

0.88 (0.32-2.42)

0.807

STH awarenessd

0.86 (0.67-1.11)

0.248

0.90 (0.72-1.11)

0.314

0.74 (0.55-1.00)

0.053

0.80 (0.63-1.01)

0.061

0.98 (0.69-1.40)

0.912

0.95 (0.71-1.28)

0.759

School hygiene (lower vs. higher level)

6.37 (3.46-11.73)

<0.001

4.75 (2.88-7.84)

<0.001

1.05 (0.57-1.93)

0.874

4.32 (2.49-7.48)

<0.001

2.60 (0.84-8.07)

0.098

1.27 (0.64-2.51)

0.491

School deworming (none-once vs. twice a year)

3.50 (1.71-7.17)

<0.001

0.81 (0.46-1.43)

0.480

3.17 (1.21-8.32)

0.019

3.89 (1.90-7.96)

<0.001

0.99 (0.26-3.79)

0.989

5.83 (1.99-17.08)

0.001

  1. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; STH: soil-transmitted helminth; SES: socio-economic status; Mod-Heavy: moderate-to-heavy infections.
  2. aAge as continuous variable in years.
  3. bSES quintiles calculated as described in methodology section. Three missing data (n = 317).
  4. cTen children did not recall receiving previous deworming treatment.
  5. dSTH awareness score calculated as described in methodology section. Range = 0 – 5.
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Parasites & Vectors

ISSN: 1756-3305

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