Table 1 Agriculture and livestock husbandry pests, and plants containing β-CA which applied in this research
Species name | General name | Parasitic Features | Main concerns |
|---|---|---|---|
Acyrthosiphon pisum | pea aphid | Sap-sucking in forage crops, such as peas, clover, alfalfa, and broad beans | Food canning industry [22] |
Ancylostoma caninum | A species of phylum Nematoda | Infection of the small intestine of dogs and human (zoonosis) | Dog breeding [23] |
Ascaris suum ( Ascaris lumbricoides ) | large roundworm of pigs | Ascariasis in pig and human (zoonosis) | Pig breeding [24] |
Caligus clemensi | Plural sea lice | Major ectoparasites of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon | Fishing and fish farming [25] |
Camponotus floridanus | Carpenter ant | Nest in live or dead trees, rotting logs and stumps, buildings, telephone poles, and other wooden structures | Wooden instrument industries and consumers [26] |
Ceratitis capitata | Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) | Causing extensive damage to a wide range of fruit crops | Invasion to orchards [27] |
Culex quinquefasciatus | Southern house mosquito | Vector of West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis virus and other arboviruses, lymphatic filariasis, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Plasmodium relictum (avian malaria) | Zoonotic diseases which affect both humans and animals health [28] |
Dendroctonus ponderosae | Mountain pine beetle (MPB) | Attacks to old or weakened trees, and speeds to younger forests | Wooden instrument industries and consumers [29] |
Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba nuttalli Entamoeba dispar | A genus of phylum Amoebozoa | Causative agent of amoebiasis in animals and human (zoonosis) | Humans and animals health [30] |
Haemonchus contortus | Trichostrongyloid nematode (Red stomach worm, wire worm or barber’s pole worm) | Causative agent of Haemonchosis by blood feeding through attachment to abomasal mucosa of ruminants | Sheep and goat farming [31] |
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis | Freshwater ich, or freshwater ick | White spot disease in freshwater fishes and rarely in human (zoonosis) | Fish and fish farming [32] |
Lepeophtheirus salmonis | Salmon louse | Parasite living on wild salmon and fish farming | Fish and fish farming [25] |
Necator americanus | New World hookworm | Necatoriasis in dog, cat, and human (zoonosis) | Humans and animals health [33] |
Solenopsis invicta | Red imported fire ant (RIFA) | Mound-building activity, Damage plant roots which leads to loss of crops, and interfere with mechanical cultivation | Wooden instrument industries and consumers, and gardening [34] |
Tribolium castaneum | Red flour beetle | Pest of stored grain products, carcinogenic by secretion of quinones, causative agent of occupational IgE-mediated allergy and some other diseases | |
Trichinella spiralis | Pork worm | Trichinosis in rat, pig, bear and human (zoonosis) | Pig breeding [39] |
Trichoplax adhaerens | Adherent hairy plate | Adherence to the wall of a marine aquariums | Aquarium and ornamental fishing industry [40] |
Arabidopsis thaliana | Mouse-ear cress | - | A popular model organism in plant biology and genetics [41] |
Pisum sativum | Pea | - | Pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod [42] |
Gossypium hirsutum | Upland cotton | - | Upland cotton is the most widely planted species of cotton [43] |
Nicotiana tabacum | Tobacco | - | Its leaves are commercially processed into tobacco [44] |
Vitis vinifera | Grape vine | - | Commercial significance for wine and table grape production [45] |
Solanum tuberosum | Potato | - | The world’s fourth-largest food crop, following maize, wheat and rice [46] |
Populus trichocarpa | Black cottonwood or California poplar | - | A model organism in plant biology [47] |
Capsella rubella | A genus from Mustard family | - | A member of Mustard family [48] |