Table 2 Risk factors for the presence of Phlebotomus perniciosus in Majorca: Bivariate logistic regression model
Number of stations (111) | Odds ratio (I.C. 95 %) | p - Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Altitude (m.a.s.l.) | 0.063 | ||
0-50 | 28 | Ref. | |
51-150 | 60 | 3.133 (1.195 – 8.214) | 0.020 |
>150 | 23 | 1.625 (0.522 – 5.055) | 0.402 |
Settlement | |||
Within settlement | 21 | Ref. | |
Edge of/between settlements | 90 | 5.339 (1.950 – 14.617) | 0.001 |
Type of roadway | 0.228 | ||
Paved public road | 46 | Ref. | |
Paved drive | 41 | 2.903 (1.100 – 7.658) | 0.031 |
Unpaved track | 9 | 2.463 (0.460 – 13.182) | 0.292 |
Garden (in rural village and other settlement) | 5 | 2.815 (0.291 – 27.206) | 0.371 |
Property (farm and other) | 10 | 1.056 (0.262 – 4.258) | 0.939 |
Site category | 0.421 | ||
Embankment drainage holes | 19 | Ref. | |
Wall drainage holes (not embankment) | 26 | 2.111 (0.204 – 0.843) | 0.031 |
Other holes in walls (not embankment) | 47 | 0.308 (0.062 – 1.522) | 0.148 |
Natural rock crevices | 3 | 0.235 (0.014 – 3.917) | 0.313 |
Farm buildings (holes) | 13 | 0.264 (0.040 – 1.735) | 0.166 |
Sewer/drainage openings | 3 | - | 0.999 |
Aspect | 0.26 | ||
Other (all orientations except south-east and west facing) | 73 | Ref. | |
South-east facing | 15 | 2.990 (0.623 – 14.350) | 0.171 |
West facing | 23 | 0.716 (0.271 – 1.892) | 0.500 |
Slope | 0.843 | ||
None | 79 | Ref. | |
Shallow (<10 %) | 30 | 1.018 (0.407 – 2.546) | 0.969 |
Steep (>10 %) | 2 | 0.436 (0.026 – 7.270) | 0.563 |
Shelter | 0.776 | ||
Not sheltered | 93 | Ref. | |
Sheltered | 17 | 1.548 (0.465 – 5.149) | 0.476 |
Unsure | 1 | - | 1,000 |
Water course | |||
None | 105 | Ref. | |
Natural | 6 | 0.419 (0.080 – 2.191) | 0.303 |
Wall construction | 0.013 | ||
Stone without mortar | 48 | Ref. | |
Stone/mortar | 16 | 0.338 (0.101 – 1.133) | 0.079 |
Brick/mortar | 30 | 0.263 (0.097 – 0.714) | 0.009 |
Other | 17 | 1.974 (0.386 – 10.089) | 0,414 |
Drain hole construction | |||
Plastic pipe | 35 | Ref. | |
Other (unlined, cement pipe) | 76 | 2.250 (0.964 – 5.249 | 0.061 |
Hole interior | 0.961 | ||
Bare | 33 | Ref. | |
Dusty (bare) | 68 | 0.784 (0.313 – 1.966) | 0.604 |
Dusty (with vegetation) | 3 | 0.750 (0.060 – 9.319) | 0.823 |
Soil (with vegetation) | 7 | 0.938 (0.153 – 5.728) | 0.944 |
Vegetation on the wall | |||
No | 86 | Ref. | |
Yes | 25 | 1.529 (0.550 – 4.251 | 0.416 |
General environment | 0.02 | ||
Rural village | 48 | Ref. | |
Rural agriculture and forestry | 45 | 2.977 (1.095 – 8.091) | 0.032 |
Coastal village | 8 | 0.548 (0.122 – 2.475) | 0.435 |
Other settlement (non rural or non coastal village) | 10 | 0.366 (0.090 – 1.478) | 0.158 |
General vegetation (100 m – 1Km) | 0.178 | ||
Aleppo pine | 51 | Ref. | |
Evergreen oaks | 3 | 0.273 (0.023 – 3.219) | 0.302 |
Garrigue shrubs | 38 | 2.416 (0.888 – 6.575) | 0.084 |
None | 19 | 0.935 (0.313 – 2.795) | 0.904 |
Adjacent flora | 0.02 | ||
Aleppo pine and evergreen oaks | 30 | Ref. | |
Garrigue shrubs | 40 | 14.529 (2.949 – 71.587) | 0.001 |
None | 41 | 0.885 (0.343 – 2.284) | 0.801 |
Land cover (Corine) | 0.006 | ||
Urban area | 33 | Ref. | |
Agricultural area | 62 | 5.525 (2.113 – 14.448) | <0.001 |
Forest area | 15 | 1.594 (0.462 – 5.497) | 0.461 |
Humid area | 1 | - | 1.000 |
Arable | 0.107 | ||
Cereals | 35 | Ref. | |
Root crop | 2 | 0.167 (0.009 – 3.118) | 0.231 |
Other (non cereal or root crop) | 6 | 0.333 (0.048 – 2.328) | 0.268 |
None | 68 | 0.269 (0.093 – 0.781) | 0.016 |
Garden | 0.385 | ||
Grass, shrubs and trees | 36 | Ref. | |
Paved hard surface | 8 | 1.333 (0.276 – 6.442) | 0.720 |
Orchard | 56 | 2.187 (0.903 – 5.294) | 0.083 |
None | 11 | - | 0.999 |
Bioclimatic | |||
Meso-Mediterranean | 63 | Ref. | |
Thermo-Mediterranean | 48 | 1.130 (0.499 – 2.559) | 0.770 |
Demographic data | |||
Humans | |||
≥ 688,5 | 106 | Ref. | |
≤ 688,4 | 5 | 0.276 (0.044-1.731) | 0.169 |
Canine | |||
≤ 1989 | 56 | Ref. | |
≥ 1990 | 55 | 0.693 (0.308-1.561) | 0.376 |
Animals seen** | |||
Dogs | |||
Yes | 56 | 0.583 (0.258 – 1.321) | 0.196 |
Cats | |||
Yes | 9 | 1.600 (0.315 – 8.135) | 0.571 |
Pet animals (dogs and cats) | |||
Yes | 56 | 0.615 (0.272 – 1.391) | 0.243 |
Equine | |||
Yes | 7 | 2.789 (0.323 – 24.107) | 0.351 |
Cattle | |||
Yes | 2 | 0.434 (0.026 – 7.153) | 0.560 |
Goat | |||
Yes | 3 | 0.880 (0.077 – 10.047) | 0.918 |
Sheep | |||
Yes | 23 | 1.769 (0.597 – 5.242) | 0.303 |
Pig | |||
Yes | 1 | - | 1.000 |
Farm animals seen | |||
Yes | 32 | 1.472 (0.582 – 3.721) | 0.414 |
Rabbit | |||
Yes | 2 | - | 0.999 |
Chicken | |||
Yes | 13 | 2.667 (0.558 – 12.750) | 0.219 |
Duck | |||
Yes | 2 | - | 0.999 |
Pigeon | |||
Yes | 5 | 0.649 (0.103 – 4.070) | 0.644 |
Pen animals seen (Chicken, duck and pigeon) | |||
Yes | 17 | 1.523 (0.458 – 3.066) | 0.492 |
Livestock farms near*** | |||
Horse | |||
Yes | 44 | 0.540 (0.238 – 1.225) | 0.140 |
Sheep | |||
Yes | 58 | 2.720 (1.177 – 6.289) | 0.019 |
Goat | |||
Yes | 9 | 1.600 (0.315 – 8.135) | 0.571 |
Pigs | |||
Yes | 34 | 1.087 (0.450 – 2.624) | 0.853 |
Rabbit | |||
Yes | 7 | 0.304 (0.064 – 1.441) | 0.134 |
Bovine | |||
Yes | 4 | 0.427 (0.058 – 3.163) | 0.405 |
Chicken | |||
Yes | 23 | 0.786 (0.297 – 2.080) | 0.628 |
Turkey | |||
Yes | 4 | 0.136 (0.014 – 1.358) | 0.089 |
Pigeon | |||
Yes | 7 | 0.155 (0.028 – 0.842) | 0.031 |
Pheasant | |||
Yes | 1 | - | 1 |
Quail | |||
Yes | 1 | - | 1 |
Partridge | |||
Yes | 1 | - | 1 |
Bees | |||
Yes | 5 | 0.099 (0.011 – 0.919) | 0.042 |
Meteorological variables (continuous)* | |||
Wind period 1 | 3.1 – 17.1 | 0.937 (0.856 – 1.025) | 0.157 |
Wind period 2 | 3.1 – 15 | 0.952 (0.854 – 1.062) | 0.381 |
Humidity period 1 | 55.5 – 86.4 | 0.956 (0.907 – 1.008) | 0.099 |
Humidity period 2 | 74.7 – 96.7 | 0.952 (0.881 – 1.028) | 0.207 |
Rainfall period 1 | 0 – 42 | 0.954 (0.897 – 1.013) | 0.126 |
Rainfall period 2 | 0 – 511 | 1.000 (0.996 -1.004) | 0.936 |
Temperature period 1 | 19.6 – 27.5 | 0.911 (0.722 – 1.149) | 0.432 |
Temperature period 2 | 19.8 – 26.2 | 0.974 (0.756 – 1.253) | 0.835 |
Wintry temperature | -2.6 – 5.3 | 1.068 (0.857 – 1.331) | 0.560 |