Spatio-temporal distribution of soil-transmitted helminth infections in Brazil

Parasites & Vectors

Table 3 Parameter estimates of bivariate and Bayesian spatio-temporal logistic models for A. lumbricoides infection risk in Brazil

*A. lumbricoides* infection	Bivariate logistic^†	Spatio-temporal model
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% BCI)
Survey period
1995-1999	1.00	1.00
2000-2004	0.62 (0.56; 0.69)^*	0.60 (0.51; 0.70)^*
2005-2009	0.40 (0.34; 0.47)^*	0.34 (0.28; 0.40)^*
From 2010 onwards	0.24 (0.19; 0.30)^*	0.14 (0.12; 0.17)^*
Mean temperature of warmest quarter	1.91 (1.73; 2.12)^*	0.98 (0.77; 1.24)
Mean diurnal temperature range	0.55 (0.50; 0.61)^*	0.83 (0.73; 0.95)^*
Isothermality	1.39 (1.25; 1.55)^*	1.01 (0.90; 1.13)
Yearly precipitation	1.44 (1.32; 1.57)^*	1.62 (1.43; 1.83)^*
Precipitation in driest quarter (mm)
<50	1.00	1.00
50-95	1.04 (0.75; 1.46)	1.56 (1.27; 1.92)^*
≥95	1.83 (1.34; 2.51)^*	1.36 (1.01; 1.84)^*
Precipitation seasonality	0.88 (0.79; 0.97)^*	0.92 (0.82; 1.02)
Precipitation in warmest quarter	0.53 (0.47; 0.59)^*	0.65 (0.55; 0.76)^*
Precipitation in coldest quarter (mm)
<80	1.00	1.00
80-300	1.32 (0.98; 1.77)	0.65 (0.52; 0.81)^*
≥300	4.21 (3.25; 5.45)^*	0.92 (0.66; 1.30)
Altitude	0.49 (0.44; 0.55)^*	0.82 (0.64; 1.06)
Soil moisture (%)
<50	1.00	1.00
50-80	1.52 (1.21; 1.91)^*	1.16 (0.96; 1.40)
≥80	0.92 (0.69; 1.22)^*	1.01 (0.77; 1.33)
Soil pH
<5.35	1.00	1.00
5.35-5.65	0.70 (0.54; 0.91)^*	1.59 (1.36; 1.86)^*
≥5.65	0.76 (0.59; 0.97)^*	0.88 (0.74; 1.06)
Human development index (HDI)	0.62 (0.56; 0.69)^*	1.29 (1.12; 1.49)^*
Poor households	1.94 (0.68; 2.25)	1.81 (1.52; 2.15)^*
		Median (95% BCI)
Temporal autocorrelation		0.03 (-0.02; 0.07)
Spatial variance		5.07 (4.73; 5.31)
Spatial range (km)		30.2 (28.1; 35.2)

^†With standard error clustered at location level.
^*Significant based on 95% CI or BCI.
OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: lower and upper bound of a 95% confidence interval; 95% BCI: lower and upper bound of a 95% Bayesian credible interval.

ISSN: 1756-3305