Anopheles sinensis mosquito insecticide resistance: comparison of three mosquito sample collection and preparation methods and mosquito age in resistance measurements

Table 3 Kdr allele frequency (in percentage) of Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes among the three sources of mosquitoes used in the bioassay

Study	Sample preparation	Bioassay		L1014F	L1014C	Wildtype L1014	Population mutation frequency*
Site	Methods	Status	n	(TTT + TTC)	(TGT)	(TTG)	(TTT+TTC+TGT)
Anhui (Huainan county)	Female mosquitoes directly collected from the field	Alive	44	81.8	14.8	3.4	94.5^a
Anhui (Huainan county)	Female mosquitoes directly collected from the field	Dead	37	63.5	28.4	8.1	94.5^a
	Female mosquitoes reared from field-collected larvae	Alive	55	78.2	19.1	2.7	94.4^a
	Female mosquitoes reared from field-collected larvae	Dead	26	61.5	26.9	11.5	94.4^a
	F1 female from field collected bloodfed females	Alive	53	83.0	11.3	5.7	91.2^b
	F1 female from field collected bloodfed females	Dead	27	66.7	18.5	14.8	91.2^b
Hunan (Liuyang county)	Female mosquitoes directly	Alive	89	79.2	8.4	12.4	84.7^a
Hunan (Liuyang county)	Collected from the field	Dead	16	62.5	6.3	31.3	84.7^a
	Female mosquitoes reared from field-collected larvae	Alive	121	78.5	12.0	9.5	88.4^b
	Female mosquitoes reared from field-collected larvae	Dead	25	64.0	14.0	22.0	88.4^b
	F1 female from field collected bloodfed females	Alive	89	74.2	17.9	7.9	90.5^b
	F1 female from field collected bloodfed females	Dead	16	56.3	25.0	19.7	90.5^b
Total		Alive	451	78.6	13.5	7.9
		Dead	147	62.9	21.1	16.0
Laboratory strain		Dead	50	1.0	0.0	99.0	1.0

*For each site, the populations that share different letters indicate statistical difference at P < 0.05 using the analysis of molecular variance.

ISSN: 1756-3305