Table 2 Comparison of Culicoides COI barcode sequences of three Palaearctic subgenera; Avaritia , Culicoides and Monoculicoides

Subgenus: Avaritia

C. chiopterus

32

31

2.3

18

C. dewulfi

53

11

0.85

21

C. imicola

80

45

2.8

18

C. obsoletus

127

42

3.8

17

C. scoticus

89

24

1.7

17

Subgenus: Culicoides

C. deltus

12

5

0.85

17

C. fagineus F1

3

2

0.42

19

C. fagineus F1 and F2 diverge 8.5% from each other.

C. fagineus F2

4

7

1.5

19

C. flavipulicaris

2

1

0.21

17

C. grisescens

22

10

1.3

17

C. grisescens G1 and G2 diverge 11% from each other.

C. grisescens G2

6

12

1.9

17

C. impunctatus

20

7

0.64

18

C. lupicaris

15

9

0.42

16

C. lupicaris L2

8

3

0.42

15

C. lupicaris L2 diverge 14% from C. lupicaris.

C. newsteadi

9

1

0.21

16

C. newsteadi N1

1

n.a.

n.a.

16

C. newsteadi N1 diverge 14-17% from C. newsteadi, N2, N3, N4 and N5.

C. newsteadi N2

5

8

1.5

17

C. newsteadi N2 diverge 14-16% from N3, N4 and N5.

C. newsteadi N3 ( C. halophilus )

17

5

0.64

19

C. newsteadi N3 diverge 14-16% from C. newsteadi, N4 and N5.

C. newsteadi N4 ( kalix )

10

0

0.00

13

C. newsteadi N4 diverge 14% and 5.9% from N4 and N5, respectively.

C. newsteadi N5 (dk3)

5

6

1.3

15

C. newsteadi N5 and C. newsteadi diverge 15% from each other.

C. pulicaris

57

16

0.63

17

C. pulicaris P3 diverge 10% from C. pulicaris.

C. pulicaris P3

2

1

0.21

15

Culicoides dk1

9

0

0.00

18

Culicoides dk1 diverge 17-18% from C. pulicaris and P3, respectively.

CH

12

23

4.6

15

Culicoides CH diverge 8-9% from C. pulicaris and P3

C. punctatus

61

32

0.63

0

C. subfagineus

3

2

0.42

17

Subgenus: Monoculicoides

C. nubeculosus

12

3

0.64

19

C. puncticollis

20

0

0.00

19

C. riethi

16

1

0.21

19

C. stigma

6

0

0.00

17