Fig. 4

Summary of the evolutionary history showing possible dispersal routes of the human whipworms (dashed line) and pig whipworms (solid line) with the estimated time of divergence given as number of generations as estimated by Genetree. The native habitats in Africa of the different non-human primates (olive baboon (green), hamadrya baboons (purple), Yellow baboon (red) and African green monkey (yellow)) are indicated in the map. The origin of human Trichuris is believed to be in Africa where the parasite was transmitted to humans through early ancestors of primates while pigs evolved in China where it presumably acquired whipworms. Source of map: http://d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=13180&lang=en. Map modified using Microsoft PowerPoint and GIMP 2