Fig. 4

Potential spread of Aedes koreicus predicted through road network analysis: Areas with the same cost of invasion are displayed using a red-green-blue colour scale. The cost of invasion is expressed in years since the species’ introduction (2011). Cost of invasion is a function of the travelling distance from the introduction point based on the observed rate of shift of the invaded range centroid and the predicted habitat suitability. Major cities (green pushpins) and sampling locations (white circles) are also reported