The geographical distribution and prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in animals in the European Union and adjacent countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Antti Oksanen; Mar Siles-Lucas; Jacek Karamon; Alessia Possenti; Franz J. Conraths; Thomas Romig; Patrick Wysocki; Alice Mannocci; Daniele Mipatrini; Giuseppe La Torre; Belgees Boufana; Adriano Casulli

doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1746-4

Parasites & Vectors

Table 7 Grouping of countries according to Echinococcus multilocularis prevalence in red foxes in relation to definitive (DH) and intermediate (IH) hosts

From: The geographical distribution and prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in animals in the European Union and adjacent countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Level of prevalence in red foxes (%)	Country	DHs	Pooled prevalence (%)	IHs	Pooled prevalence (%)
0 (0)	Finland	Raccoon dog	0	Arvicolids	0
		Dog	0^a
		Wild canids (Wolf)	0	Swine	0
	Ireland	No data	No data	No data	No data
	United Kingdom	Dog	0^a	No data	No data
	United Kingdom	Cat	0^a	No data	No data
0< >1 (low)	Denmark	Cat	0.60^a	No data	No data
		Dog	0^a
		Raccoon dog	0
		Wild canids (Wolf)	0^a
	Sweden	Raccoon dog	0^a	Swine	0^a
		Dog	0^a
		Wild canids (Wolf)	0^a
	Slovenia	No data	No data	No data	No data
1< >10 (medium)	Austria	Dog	0^a	No data	No data
	Austria	Cat	0^a	No data	No data
	Belgium	No data	No data	Muskrat	16.00
				Insectivores	0^a
				Arvicolids	0.20
				Murids	0^a
	Croatia	No data	No data	No data	No data
	Hungary	Wild canids (Golden jackal)	4.70	No data	No data
	Italy	Dog	0	No data	No data
	Italy	Cat	0^a	No data	No data
	Netherlands	Cat	0.30^a	Muskrat	0.06^a
		Dog	0^a
		Raccoon dog	0^a
	Norway (5.82 %) ^b (only Svalbard archipelago)	No data	No data	Arvicolids	27.50
	Norway (5.82 %) ^b (only Svalbard archipelago)	No data	No data	Swine	0^a
	Romania	No data	No data	Arvicolids	1.40^a
	Romania	No data	No data	Swine	0^a
	Ukraine	Wild canids (Wolf)	0^a	No data	No data
	Ukraine	Raccoon dog	0^a	No data	No data
>10 (high)	Poland	Raccoon dog	10.40	Insectivores	0
		Dog	0	Arvicolids	0
		Cat	0	Murids	0
	Switzerland	Dog	1.20	Arvicolids	13.30
		Cat	4.60	Murids	0
		Cat	4.60	Swine	10^a
	Czech Republic	Dog	1.80^a	Insectivores	0
		Cat	50.00	Arvicolids	1.30
				Murids	0
	Germany	Dog	0.30	Muskrat	3.80
		Dog	0.30	Nutria	0.40^a
		Cat	0.60	Arvicolids	0.60
		Raccoon dog	2.50	Murids	0
		Raccoon dog	2.50	Swine	5.30^a
	Estonia	Raccoon dog	1.60^a	No data	No data
	France	Dog	0.40	Muskrat	1.10
		Dog	0.40	Nutria	5.80^a
		Cat	1.50	Insectivores	0^a
				Arvicolids	4.80
				Murids	0.97
	Liechtenstein	No data	No data	No data	No data
	Lithuania	Dog	0.80^a	Swine	0.40^a
	Lithuania	Raccoon dog	8.20^a	Swine	0.40^a
	Latvia	Raccoon dog	21.00^a	No data	No data
	Latvia	Wild canids (Wolf)	5.90^a	No data	No data
	Slovakia	Dog	0.40	No data	No data
		Cat	0
		Raccoon dog	28.00
		Wild canids (Wolf)	0^a
No data	Luxembourg	Dog	0^a	Muskrat	1.80^a
No data	Luxembourg	Cat	0^a	Muskrat	1.80^a

^aPrevalence estimate from only one study, not pooled prevalence
^bArctic foxes sampled

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