Table 4 Predictors of infection with STH overall, Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm, across pilot study sentinel sites in Burundi from 2007 to 2011 combined with prevalence data obtained by a mapping survey in 2014 from the same schools. Results shown are from binomial mixed models. Age was standardised (mean centred and divided by the estimated standard deviation)
Pooled STH | Ascaris lumbricoides | Hookworm | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 22,341 observations pseudo-R 2 MF = 0.057; R 2 marg. = 0.037; R 2 cond. = 0.21 | n = 22,347 observations pseudo-R 2 MF = 0.17; R 2 marg. = 0.028; R 2 cond. = 0.40 | n = 22,351 observations pseudo-R 2 MF = 0.13; R 2 marg. = 0.079; R 2 cond. = 0.48 | ||||||||
Fixed effects | Category | Parameter (SE) | Adjusted odds ratio (95 % CI) | P | Parameter (SE) | Adjusted odds ratio (95 % CI) | P | Parameter (SE) | Adjusted odds ratio (95 % CI) | P |
(Intercept) | -0.90 (0.17) | 0.41 (0.29–0.56) | *** | -2.5 (0.36) | 0.08 (0.04–0.17) | *** | -2.20 (0.44) | 0.11 (0.05–0.26) | *** | |
Year | 2008 | -0.90 (0.26) | 0.4 (0.24–0.67) | *** | -1.05 (0.4) | 0.35 (0.16–0.76) | ** | -1.29 (0.28) | 0.28 (0.16–0.47) | *** |
2009 | -0.43 (0.23) | 0.65 (0.41–1.01) | ns | -0.24 (0.45) | 0.79 (0.33–1.89) | ns | -0.87 (0.35) | 0.42 (0.21–0.82) | * | |
2010 | -0.90 (0.20) | 0.41 (0.27–0.61) | *** | -0.84 (0.26) | 0.43 (0.26–0.72) | ** | -1.36 (0.34) | 0.26 (0.13–0.5) | *** | |
2011 | -1.14 (0.23) | 0.32 (0.2–0.5) | *** | -0.48 (0.2) | 0.62 (0.41–0.92) | * | -2.26 (0.38) | 0.10 (0.05–0.22) | *** | |
2014 | -0.85 (0.25) | 0.43 (0.26–0.71) | *** | 0.05 (0.31) | 1.05 (0.57–1.93) | ns | -1.48 (0.5) | 0.23 (0.09–0.6) | ** | |
Age | -0.07 (0.019) | 0.94 (0.9–0.97) | *** | -0.12 (0.025) | 0.89 (0.85–0.93) | *** | 0.02 (0.028) | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) | ns | |
Age^2 | -0.01 (0.017) | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) | ns | -0.03 (0.023) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | ns | -0.02 (0.025) | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | ns | |
Sex (male) | 0.09 (0.037) | 1.09 (1.01–1.17) | * | 0.08 (0.048) | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) | ns | 0.09 (0.053) | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | ns | |
Random Effects | Variance | SD | Variance | SD | Variance | SD | ||||
Pupil (Intercept) | 0.43 | 0.66 | *** | 0.56 | 0.75 | *** | 0.33 | 0.57 | *** | |
School (Intercept) | 0.31 | 0.55 | 1.50 | 1.23 | 2.20 | 1.50 | ||||
Year 2008 | 0.76 | 0.87 | 1.60 | 1.25 | 0.63 | 0.79 | ||||
Year 2009 | 0.59 | 0.77 | 2.20 | 1.48 | 1.3 | 1.14 | ||||
Year 2010 | 0.46 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 0.81 | 1.2 | 1.10 | ||||
Year 2011 | 0.59 | 0.77 | 0.36 | 0.60 | 1.1 | 1.05 | ||||
Year 2014 | 0.60 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.92 | 1.8 | 1.35 | ||||
Random Slope year | *** | *** | *** | |||||||