Fig. 2

Representation of the principal mechanisms of TBVs. a In the case of TBVs based on the vector proteins that interact with the pathogen, the vector will ingest antibodies against the target protein during blood feeding inhibiting the pathogen entrance to cells. b In second type of TBV, antibodies are directed against proteins required for blood digestion or egg production. Thus, when the arthropod feeds on a vaccinated host, those antibodies may kill the vectors or decrease their capacity to laid eggs