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Table 3 Risk factors related to the occupation of workers and farmers enrolled in the cross-sectional survey in the Than Tri district, Hanoi, between April and June 2014

From: Intestinal parasite infections and associated risk factors in communities exposed to wastewater in urban and peri-urban transition zones in Hanoi, Vietnam

Risk factors related to occupation/Exposure groupsa

Farmer peri-urban

Farmer urban

Worker HSDC

N = 129

N = 153

N = 128

n

%

n

%

n

%

Employed

13

10.1

13

8.5

128

100

Retired

11

8.5

16

10.5

0

0

Duration worked in the current job (mean ± SD)

30.3 ± 12.9

36.9 ± 13.5

15.3 ± 9.1

Days worked per week (mean ± SD)

6.5 ± 1.2

5.5 ± 2.1

6.2 ± 0.6

Hours worked per week (mean ± SD)

39.8 ± 17.3

35.9 ± 23.2

50.0 ± 4.0

Possession of personal protective equipment

 Gloves

106

82.2

113

73.9

117

91.4

 Boots

107

82.9

131

85.6

110

85.9

 Uniform/cotton overall

28

21.7

11

7.2

120

93.8

 Rain coat with boots

29

22.5

48

31.4

120

93.8

 Rain coat without boots

36

27.9

58

37.9

84

65.6

 Long sleeves

97

75.2

137

89.5

48

37.5

 Helmet

3

2.3

1

0.7

117

91.4

 Soft hat (baseball cap)

24

18.6

37

24.2

7

5.5

 Vietnamese hat

111

86.0

141

92.2

4

3.1

 Face mask

110

85.3

105

68.6

121

94.5

Application of...

 Pesticides

113

87.6

117

76.5

nab

 

 Fertilizer

122

94.6

146

95.4

na

 
  1. aExposure groups: Farmer peri-urban : peri-urban farmers living in Duyen Ha commune using the irrigation water from Red River, wells or local drains, which are not contaminated with the city’s wastewater; Farmer urban : urban farmers living in Bang B village or Tam Hiep commune reusing wastewater from To Lich River; and Worker HSDC : workers from Hanoi Sewerage and Drainage Company (HSDC) maintaining drainage channels and operating the Yen So treatment plants
  2. bna, not applicable for sanitation workers