Fig. 3

Bioassay results presented as box-plots showing the median proportion of dead Anopheles arabiensis exposed to placebo-, amitraz- and deltamethrin-treated cattle. a Results from the restricted application protocol. b Results from the whole body application protocol; red arrows indicate the re-treatment. The graphs in rows (i) and (ii) refer to the cup bioassays (three cups per animal per night, 10 mosquitoes per cup) and in row (iii) to the field-cage bioassays with free-flying mosquitoes (200 mosquitoes per treatment and night). The limits of the boxes indicate the twenty-fifth and seventy-fifth percentiles; the solid line in the box is the median; the capped bars indicate the tenth and the ninetieth percentiles, and data points outside these limits are plotted as circles. Asterisk indicates statistical significance at P < 0.05 based on analyses with generalized mixed linear models with animal ID and cluster as random effect and treatment, night and interaction of treatment and night as fixed effect