Temporal genetic changes in Plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen 1 over 19 years of transmission in southern Mexico

Table 1 Natural selection tests on pvama1 _I-II among P. vivax populations of different geographic origins

Country	Polymorphic changes within P. vivax populations		dN-dS value^a	P	Fixed changes between species^b		McDonald-Kreitman (NI)	Fisher’s exact test (P-value)
Country	Synonymous	Nonsynonymous	dN-dS value^a	P	Synonymous	Nonsynonymous	McDonald-Kreitman (NI)	Fisher’s exact test (P-value)
SMX	1	15	1.510	0.13	53	25	31.800	< 0.000001
VNZ	2	9	0.821	0.41	54	28	8.679	0.00591
IR	4	24	0.844	0.40	51	24	12.750	< 0.000001
SLK	2	21	2.154	0.03	53	24	23.188	< 0.000001
IND	7	23	1.012	0.31	53	24	7.253	0.00002
PNG	4	15	1.725	0.09	51	24	12.750	0.00001
THL	7	19	-0.071	0.94	50	21	8.333	0.00002
SK	10	16	-0.425	0.67	51	25	3.264	0.01934
Total	20	44	0.836	0.40	45	20	4.950	0.00002

^a dN-dS, the difference between the rate of nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations
^b Plasmodium cynomolgi was used as the outgroup species (GenBank: X66099.1)
Abbreviations: NI Neutrality Index (significance at 95%), SMX southern Mexico, VEN Venezuela, IR Iran, SLK Sri Lanka, IND India, PNG Papua New Guinea, THL Thailand, SK South Korea

ISSN: 1756-3305