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Table 1 Sample sites, abundance of rats and fleas and variation in basic genetic diversity parameters

From: Genetic structure and gene flow of the flea Xenopsylla cheopis in Madagascar and Mayotte

Sites

Longitude

Latitude

Year of sampling

Plague epidemic

No. of fleas (No. of rodents)

Flea indexa

Na

He

Ho

FIS

P

Mayotte

 Longoni

45.159

-12.733

2014

No

39 (16)

0.5

2.56

0.32

0.25

0.24*

< 0.0001

Madagascar

 Marolaka

46.314

-15.725

2014

No

46 (13)

na

4.44

0.50

0.41

0.19*

< 0.0001

 Port of Mahajanga

46.309

-15.725

2014

No

13 (3)

0.7

3.11

0.44

0.41

0.11

0.075

 Ankasina

47.512

-18.910

2014

Yes

16 (6)

3.5

2.89

0.44

0.33

0.28*

< 0.0001

 Amparafaravola

48.416

-17.833

2015

Yes

20 (4)

7.8

3.00

0.42

0.37

0.16*

0.008

 Ankazobe

47.169

-18.434

na

Yes

21 (7)

0.7

3.11

0.44

0.30

0.34*

< 0.0001

 Tsiroanomandidy

46.316

-18.933

2013

Yes

19 (na)

5.4

2.22

0.25

0.27

-0.06

0.770

 Antananarivo

47.516

-18.933

1996

na

9 (na)

na

2.43

0.33

0.07

0.79*

< 0.0001

 Toliara

43.666

-23.350

2012

No

5 (1)

10.3

1.78

0.26

0.29

0

0.550

 Farafangana

47.816

-22.816

2012

No

5 (1)

1.4

1.78

0.28

0.36

-0.14

0.587

 Mandritsara

48.830

-15,852

2014

Yes

7 (na)

0.3

2.78

0.43

0.24

0.51*

< 0.0001

 Ambondromisotra

46.903

-20.323

2013

Yes

5 (na)

1.7

2.11

0.30

0.29

0.14

0.248

  1. Abbreviations: Na average number of alleles per locus, He expected heterozygosity, Ho observed heterozygosity, F IS inbreeding coefficient, P P-value for FIS, na not available
  2. aThe flea index is the average number of fleas per rat. A flea index >1 represents a potential plague risk
  3. *Significant FIS values; Hardy-Weinberg exact test: P < 0.05