Fig. 5

Larval and adult antibacterial humoral immunity. a, b Zone of inhibition plating assay (a), including quantitative measurement of the zones of inhibition (b), showing the extent of hemolymph lytic activity in mosquitoes that were naïve, injured, or challenged with heat-killed E. coli 24 h earlier. c-f Similar experiment except using heat-killed M. luteus (c, d) or heat-killed Enterobacter sp. (e, f) as the challenge agent. In b, d, and f, data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, followed by Šidák’s post-hoc test. Whiskers denote the SEM. Hand-written abbreviations on the plates: L4, fourth-instar larvae; 1D, 1-day-old adult; 5D, 5-day-old adult; N, naïve; LB, injured; E.c., E. coli; M.l., M. luteus; Eb, Enterobacter