Table 2 Protist parasites of the golden jackal, Canis aureus
From: A synoptic overview of golden jackal parasites reveals high diversity of species
Family | Species | Origin | Prevalence (%) | Frequency | Method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phylum Apicomplexa | ||||||
Class Aconoidasida | ||||||
Babesiidae | Babesia canis (syn. Piroplasma canis) | na (as P. canis) | na | na | EI | [40] |
Nigeriaa | na | 1/6 | BS | [41] | ||
Romania | 9.2 | 5/54 | MI | [42] | ||
Babesia gibsoni | na | na | na | EI | [43] | |
India | na | na | BS | [44] | ||
Theileriidae | “Theileria annae” | Romania | 3.7 | 2/54 | MI | [42] |
Class Conoidasida | ||||||
Eimeriidae | Eimeria sp.b | Bulgaria | 5.8 | 3/56 | CO | [45] |
Eimeria aurei b | India | na | na | CO | [46] | |
Isospora sp. | Bulgaria | 5.8 | 3/56 | CO | [45] | |
Indiaa | case report | CO | [47] | |||
Iran | 7.1 | 4/56 | CO | [48] | ||
Serbia | 6.6 | 4/60 | CO | [49] | ||
Isospora dutoiti | former USSR | na | na | CO | [50] | |
Turkmenistan | na | na | CO | [51] | ||
Isospora kzilordiniensis | Kazakhstan | na | 2/9 | CO | [52] | |
Isospora neorivolta | Russia | 9.3 | 14/150 | CO | [53] | |
Isospora ohioensis | Russia | 5.3 | 8/150 | CO | [53] | |
Isospora theileri | Azerbaijan | na | na | CO | [54] | |
Turkmenistan | na | na | CO | [51] | ||
Hepatozoidae | Hepatozoon sp. | Algeria | na | 2/5 | MI | [55] |
Mauritania | 25.0 | 4/16 | MI | [55] | ||
Hepatozoon canis | Austria | case report | MI | [56] | ||
case report | MI | [42] | ||||
Croatia | 30.4 | 14/46 | MI | [57] | ||
Czech Republic | na | 1/1 | MI | [42] | ||
Hungary | 57.9 | 33/57 | MI | [57] | ||
60.0 | na | MI | [58] | |||
Israel | 2.1 | 1/46 | BS | [19] | ||
Montenegro | na | 2/2 | MI | [57] | ||
Romania | 72.2 | 39/54 | MI | [42] | ||
Serbia | 67.5 | 140/206 | MI | [57] | ||
Sarcocystidae | Cystoisospora canis | Hungary | 15.0 | 3/20 | CO | [59] |
Neospora caninum | Israel | 1.7 | 2/114 | IFAT | [60] | |
Sarcocystis sp. | Bulgaria | 1.9 | 1/56 | CO | [45] | |
Sarcocystis cruzi (syn. S. bovicanis) | Russia (as S. bovicanis) | 20.0 | 30/150 | CO | [53] | |
Sarcocystis tenella (syn. S. ovicanis) | Russia (as S. ovicanis) | 34.0 | 51/150 | CO | [53] | |
Sarcocystis tropicalis (syn. Isospora tropicalis) | India (as I. tropicalis) | case report | CO | [61] | ||
India | case report | CO | [62] | |||
Toxoplasma-type oocysts | Hungary | 5.0 | 1/20 | CO | [59] | |
Toxoplasma gondii | Iran | 33.3 | na | LAST | [63] | |
77.5 | 31/40 | ELISA | [64] | |||
“Flagellates”c | ||||||
Hexamitidae | Giardia sp. | Iraqa | 100 | 4/4 | CO | [65] |
Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. canis) | Croatia | 12.5 | 1/8 | IF, MI | [66] | |
Iran | 7.1 | 4/56 | CO | [48] | ||
Russia (as G. canis) | 1.3 | 2/150 | CO | [53] | ||
Trichomonadidae | Pentatrichomonas hominis (syn. P. canis auri) | India (as P. canis auri) | case report | CO | [67] | |
Trypanosomatidae | Leishmania sp. | Iran | 2.5 | 4/161 | SIO | [68] |
12.5 | 6/48 | IFA | ||||
Serbia | 6.9 | 15/126 | MI | [69] | ||
Spaina | case report | H | [70] | |||
Leishmania donovani | Bangladesh | 5 cases | na | MI | [71] | |
Georgia | na | 1/4 | SIO | [72] | ||
Kazakhstan | na | na | na | [73] | ||
Iran | 5.0 | 1/20 | SIO | [74] | ||
na | na | na | EI | [75] | ||
Leishmania infantum | Algeria | case report | IFI, MI | [76] | ||
Georgia | 2.5 | 1/39 | IA | [77] | ||
Iran | 10.0 | 1/10 | DAT, ELISA, IFAT | [78] | ||
11.6 | 7/60 | DAT | [78] | |||
1.6 | 1/60 | SIO | ||||
Iraq | 59.6 | 90/151 | SIO, Cult, IFAT, ELISA | [79] | ||
Israel | 7.6 | 4/53 | ELISA | [80] | ||
6.5 | 3/46 | ELISA | [19] | |||
1.3 | 1/77 | MI | [81] | |||
Kazakhstan | na | na | na | [82] | ||
Romania | 2.7 | 1/36 | MI | [42] | ||
Tajikistan | na | na | na | [83] | ||
Turkmenistan | 2 specimens | na | na | [84] | ||
Leishmania major | na | na | na | EI | [85] | |
Leishmania tropica | Israel | 6.5 | 5/77 | na | [81] | |