Fig. 1

Empirical estimates of EIP for P. falciparum across a range of studies. The dotted black line represents the standard degree-day model of Detinova [1] parameterized using the data for An. maculipennis [5]. Data points of the same shape indicate the same mosquito species but may derive from more than one study. The data are extracted from Mordecai et al. [21] (and references therein [26, 56]), together with Shapiro et al. [23], Nikolaev [5], Hien et al. [57] and Kligler & Mer [58]. Note that different studies vary in methods for estimating EIP. Though most report EIP as the time until first observation of sporozoites following an infectious feed, data points from [23] are derived from median EIP