Efficacy and persistence of long-lasting microbial larvicides against malaria vectors in western Kenya highlands

Parasites & Vectors

Table 2 Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis of the effect of LL3 and FourStar® larvicides on the density of immature mosquitoes, showing the probability of the factors

Species	Immature stage or time	Comparing LL3 versus FourStar®
Species	Immature stage or time	Intervention stage^a	Larvicide type^b	Intervention stage × Larvicide type
An. gambiae (s.l.)	1st- and 2nd-instar larvae	0.215	0.901	0.918
	3rd- and 4th-instar larvae	<0.001	0.310	0.778
	Pupae	0.001	0.933	0.945
An. funestus (s.l.)	1st- and 2nd-instar larvae	0.011	0.557	0.348
	3rd- and 4th-instar larvae	0.881	0.409	0.089
	Pupae	0.387	0.809	0.381
Other mosquito species	1st- and 2nd-instar larvae	0.980	0.970	0.710
	3rd- and 4th-instar larvae	<0.001	0.502	0.996
	Pupae	0.002	0.939	0.062
Total Anopheles spp.	By week 12	<0.001	0.700	0.950
	By week 16	<0.001	0.995	0.951
	By week 20	0.066	0.536	0.880

^aIntervention stage was classified as pre-intervention versus post-intervention
^bLarvicide type included LL3 and FourStar®

ISSN: 1756-3305