Table 9 Trypanosoma spp. natural infection in Chiroptera from Brazilian biomes: partial results of characterization of Trypanosoma spp. isolates derived from 1218 bats collected in five Brazilian biomes Parasite molecular target (V7V8 SSU rRNA / Cytb / 18S)
From: Trypanosoma cruzi transmission in the wild and its most important reservoir hosts in Brazil
Biome | Genus | Species | No. of genera (%)a | No. of specimens | HC(+)/ specimens tested (%) | Trypanosoma spp. or T. cruzi DTU (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amazon Forest | Anoura | Anoura caudifer | 1 | 2 | 1 (50) | T. cruzi TcI (1) |
Artibeus | Artibeus lituratus | 127 (15.7) | 59 | 6 (10) | Trypanosona sp. (1); T. cruzi TcIV (2); T. cruzi TcI (3) | |
Artibeus cf. fimbriatus | 1 | 1 (100) | T. cruzi TcI (1) | |||
Artibeus obscurus | 5 | 1 (20) | Trypanosona sp. (1) | |||
Artibeus planirostris | 62 | 12 (19) | Trypanosona sp. (4); T. c. marinkellei (2); T. cruzi TcI (4); T. rangeli (sub-população A) (1); T. dionisii (1) | |||
Carollia | Carollia perspicillata | 131 (25.1) | 118 | 29 (24) | T. cruzi TcI (20); T. dionisii (3); T. rangeli (subpopulation A) (1); Trypanosona sp. (4); Trypanosoma sp. + T. cruzi TcI (1) | |
Carollia cf. beikeith | 1 | 1 (100) | T. cruzi TcI (1) | |||
Carollia brevicauda | 12 | 3 (25) | T. cruzi TcI (3) | |||
Chiroderma | Chiroderma villosum | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||
Dermanura | Dermanura cinereus | 13 (7.0) | 13 | 1 (7) | T. cruzi TcI (1) | |
Desmodus | Desmodus rotundus | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Diaemus | Diaemus youngi | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Eptesicus | Eptesicus brasiliensis | 3 (33.3) | 3 | 1 (33) | Trypanosona sp. (1) | |
Glossophaga | Glossophaga soricina | 11 (18.2) | 11 | 2 (18) | T. cruzi TcIV (1); T. cruzi TcI (1) | |
Lasiurus | Lasiurus blossevillii | 2 (50.0) | 2 | 1 (50) | T. cruzi TcI (1) | |
Lonchophylla | Lonchophylla thomasi | 5 (20.0) | 5 | 1 (20) | T. cruzi TcI (1) | |
Lophostoma | Lophostoma silvicolum | 3 (66.7) | 3 | 2 (66) | T. c. marinkellei (2) | |
Mesophylla | Mesophylla macconelli | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Micronycteris | Micronycteris megalotis | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Molossus | Molossus aff. rufus | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||
Noctilio | Noctilio albiventris | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Mimom | Mimom crenulatum | 1 | 0 | |||
Phyllostomus | Phyllostomus discolor | 32 (53.1) | 7 | 6 (85) | T. cruzi TcI (2); T. c. marinkellei (2); Trypanosona sp. (2) | |
Phyllostomus elongatus | 12 | 2 (16) | Trypanosona sp. (1); T. c. marinkellei (1) | |||
Phyllostomus hastatus | 13 | 9 (69) | Trypanosona sp. (3); T. c. marinkellei (5); T. cruzi TcIV + T. c. marinkellei (1) | |||
Plathyrhinus | Plathyrhinus infuscus | 3 (33.3) | 2 | 1 (50) | T. cruzi TcI (1) | |
Plathyrhinus incarum | 1 | 0 | ||||
Rhynophylla | Rhynophylla pumilio | 9 | 5 | 0 | ||
Rhinophylla fischerae | 4 | 0 | ||||
Saccopteryx | Saccopteryx leptura | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Sturnira | Sturnira lilium | 6 (33.3) | 2 | 1 (50) | Trypanosona sp. (1) | |
Sturnira tildae | 4 | 1 (25) | T. dionisii (1) | |||
Tonatia | Tonatia saurophila | 3 (33.3) | 3 | 1 (33) | T. cruzi TcI (1) | |
Trachops | Trachops cirrhosus | 3 (100) | 3 | 3 (100) | T. cruzi TcI (2); T. dionisii (1) | |
Uroderma | Uroderma bilobatum | 13 (7) | 13 | 1 (7) | T. cruzi TcI (1) | |
Vampyrum | Vampyrum spectrum | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Vampyrodes | Vampyrodes caraccioli | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Vampyressa sp. | Vampyressa sp. | 1 (100) | 1 | 1 (100) | T. cruzi TcI (1) | |
Atlantic Forest | Ametrida | Ametrida centurio | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Anoura | Anoura caudifer | 21 (14.2) | 11 | 1 (9) | Trypanosona sp. (1) | |
Anoura geoffroyi | 10 | 2 (20) | T. dionisii (2) | |||
Artibeus | Artibeus cinereus | 305 (1.3) | 21 | 0 | ||
Artibeus fimbriatus | 6 | 1 (16) | T. cruzi TcI (1) | |||
Artibeus lituratus | 81 | 2 (2) | T. cruzi TcIII (1); T. cruzi TcIII/V (1) | |||
Artibeus obscurus | 4 | 0 | ||||
Artibeus planirostris | 193 | 1 (0.5) | T. cruzi TcI (1) | |||
Carollia | Carollia perspicillata | 133 (18.0) | 133 | 24 (18) | T. cruzi TcIV (1); T. dionisii (20); Trypanosoma sp. (1); Trypanosoma rangeli D (1); Trypanosoma rangeli B (1) | |
Chrotopterus | Chrotopterus auritus | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Dermanura | Dermanura cinerea | 22 | 22 | 0 | ||
Desmodus | Desmodus rotundus | 30 (16.7) | 30 | 5 (16) | T. cruzi TcIII/V (1); T. cruzi TcI (1); Trypanosoma sp. (1); T. dionisii (2) | |
Lonchorrina | Lonchorrina aurita | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Glossophaga | Glossophaga soricina | 23 (4.3) | 23 | 1 (4) | T. dionisii (1) | |
Glyphonycteris | Glyphonycteris sylvestris | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Lophostoma | Lophostoma silvicolum | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Micronycteris | Micronycteris microtis | 1/3 (33.3) | 2 | 0 | ||
Micronycteris minuta | 1 | 1 (100) | T. cruzi TcI/III (1) | |||
Mimon | Mimon bennettii | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Myotis | Myotis nigricans | 10 (40.0) | 10 | 4 (40) | T. dionisii (3); T. cruzi TcIII/V (1) | |
Phyllostomus | Phyllostomus discolor | 23 (13.0) | 11 | 3 (27) | T. cruzi TcI (1); T. c. marinkellei (2) | |
Phyllostomus hastatus | 12 | 0 | ||||
Platyrrhinus | Platyrrhinus lineatus | 9 | 9 | 0 | ||
Platyrrhinus recifinus | 1 | 0 | ||||
Rinophyla | Rinophyla pumilio | 5 | 5 | 0 | ||
Rinophyla sp. | 1 (5.9) | 1 | 0 | |||
Sturnira | Sturnira lilium | 41 (12.1) | 40 | 5 (12) | T. dionisii (4); Trypanosona sp. (1) | |
Sturnira tildae | 1 | 0 | ||||
Tonatia | Tonatia bidens | 3 (33.3) | 3 | 1 (33) | T. dionisii (1) | |
Tracops | Tracops cirrhosus | 1 (100) | 1 | 1 (100) | Trypanosoma sp. (1) | |
Vampyressa | Vampyressa pusilla | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Caatinga | Phyllostomus | Phyllostomus sp. | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
Molossus | Molossus sp. | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||
Cerrado | Artibeus | Artibeus lituratus | 49 (10.2) | 11 | 1 (9) | Trypanosoma sp. (1) |
Artibeus planirostris | 37 | 4 (10) | Trypanosoma sp. (3); T. c. marinkellei (1) | |||
Artibeusaff. Obscurus | 1 | 0 | ||||
Carollia | Carollia perspicillata | 24 (4.0) | 24 | 1 (4) | Trypanosoma sp. (1) | |
Desmodus | Desmodus rotundus | 4 (25.0) | 4 | 1 (25) | Trypanosoma sp. (1) | |
Glossophaga | Glossophaga soricina | 7 (14.0) | 7 | 1 (14) | Trypanosoma sp. (1) | |
Molossops | Molossops sp. | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Phyllostomus | Phyllostomus albicola | 12 (83.3) | 1 | 1 (100) | Trypanosoma sp. (1) | |
Phyllostomus discolor | 1 | 1 | Trypanosoma sp. (1) | |||
Phyllostomus hastatus | 11 | 9 (81) | Trypanosoma sp. (4) | |||
Platyrhinus | Platyrhinus lineatus | 7 | 7 | 0 | ||
Sturnira | Sturnira lilium | 4 (25.0) | 4 | 1 (25) | T. dionisii (1) | |
Eptesicus | Eptesicus brasiliensis | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||
Eumops | Eumops sp. | 6 | 6 | 0 | ||
Myotis | Myotis nigricans | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Rhynchonycteris | Rhynchonycteris naso | 1 (5.9) | 1 | 0 | ||
Pantanal | Artibeus | Artibeus jamaicensis | 16 (18.7) | 1 | 1 (100) | Trypanosoma sp. (1) |
Artibeus planirostris | 15 | 2 (13) | Trypanosoma sp. (1); T. c. marinkellei (1) | |||
Carollia | Carollia perspicillata | 4 (5.9) | 4 | 0 | ||
Chrotopterus | Chrotopterus autirus | 1 (5.9) | 1 | 0 | ||
Desmodus | Desmodus rotundus | 18 (16.6) | 18 | 3 (16) | T. c. marinkellei (1); Trypanosoma sp. (2) | |
Glossophaga | Glossophaga soricina | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||
Lophostoma | Lophostoma silvicolum | 5 | 5 | 0 | ||
Molossops | Molossops temminckii | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Molossus | Molossus molossus | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Myotis | Myotis migricans | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Noctilio | Noctilio albiventris | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Platyrrhinus | Platyrrhinus lineatus | 9 | 9 | 0 | ||
Phyllostomus | Phyllostomus hastatus | 5 (60.0) | 5 | 3 (60) | Trypanosoma sp. (1); T. c. marinkellei (2) | |
Sturnira | Sturnira lilium | 3 (33.3) | 3 | 1 (33) | T. dionisii (1) | |
Total | 76 | 94 | 1218 (5.9) | 1219 | 168 (14) |