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Table 4 Single and mixed infections in Ixodes ricinus ticks infesting free-living ungulates

From: Diverse tick-borne microorganisms identified in free-living ungulates in Slovakia

Infection (Pathogens)

Tick stage

No. of samples (%)a

Host

Roe deer

Red deer

Fallow deer

Mouflon

Wild boar

Uninfected

 

L

7 pools

 

×

×

  

N

49

×

×

×

 

×

M

3

 

×

×

  

Subtotal

59 (17.1)

     

Single infections

Ap

L

26 pools

×

×

×

×

 
 

N

65

×

×

×

×

 

F

23

 

×

×

×

 

M

8

     

Subtotal

122 (35.5)

     

Th

L

5 pools

×

×

   

N

15

×

×

×

  

F

5

×

 

×

  

Subtotal

25 (7.3)

     

Rh

N

3 (0.9)

×

 

×

  

Ba

N

1 (0.3)

×

    

Bval

N

1 (0.3)

  

×

  

Bgar

N

1 (0.3)

  

×

  

Mixed infections

Ap + Th

L

12 pools

×

 

×

  

N

27

×

×

×

  

F

29

 

×

×

  

M

7

 

×

×

  

Subtotal

75 (21.8)

     

Ap + Bv

L

1 pool

×

    

F

1

  

×

  

Subtotal

2 (0.6)

     

Ap + CNM

F

1 (0.3)

×

    

Ap + Cb

N

4

×

    

F

1

   

×

 

subtotal

5 (1.4)

     

Ap + Rsp

L

6 pools

×

    

N

1

×

    

M

1

×

    

Subtotal

8 (2.3)

     

Ap + Rh

N

4

  

×

  

F

1

   

×

 

Subtotal

5 (1.4)

     

Ap + Rm

L

1 pool (0.3)

  

×

  

Th + Bv

L

1 pool (0.3)

×

    

Th + CNM

N

1 (0.3)

×

    

Th + Rh

L

2 pools

×

 

×

  

N

1

  

×

  

Subtotal

3 (0.9)

     

Ap + Th + CNM

F

2

×

 

×

  

AP + Bv + Rsp

L

1 pool

×

    

Ap + Th + Rsp

L

6 pools

×

    

N

2

×

×

   

Subtotal

8 (2.3)

     

Ap + Th + Rh

L

3 pools

 

×

   

N

1

  

×

  

F

8

  

×

  

M

1

  

×

  

Subtotal

13 (3.8)

     

Ap + Th + Rm

L

1 pool (0.3)

  

×

  

Ap + Th + Cb

F

1 (0.3)

  

×

  

Ap + Rsp + Cb

L

1 pool (0.3)

  

×

  

Ap + Th + Bval

M

1 (0.3)

  

×

  

Ap + Th + Rsp + Bval

L

1 pool (0.3)

×

    

Ap + Th + Rh + Bgar

N

1 (0.3)

×

    
  1. Abbreviations: ×, presence; Ap, Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Th, Theileria spp.; Bv, Babesia venatorum; CNM, "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis"; Rsp, Rickettsia sp.; Rh, Rickettsia helvetica; Rm, Rickettsia monacensis; Ba, Borrelia afzelii; Bgar, Borrelia garinii; Bval, Borrelia valaisiana; Cb, Coxiella burnetii; L, larva; N, nymph; F, female; M, male
  2. aInfection prevalence (in %), the total number of analysed samples was 344 (74 pools of larvae, 177 nymphs, 72 females, 21 males)