Fig. 7

The in vitro inhibition of T. spiralis invasion of IEC monolayer by anti-rTs31 serums. When the IEC monolayer was overlaid by semisolid media containing 200 IL1 larvae and cultured at 37 °C for 2 h, non-invaded (a) and invaded larvae (b and c) in the monolayer were observed (200×). The larva head is penetrating into the IEC monolayer as indicated by the arrow (d, 400×). e Inhibition of different dilutions of anti-rTs31 serum on larval invasion. Infection serum (IS, 1:50 dilution) and pre-immune serum (PI, 1:50) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The data are presented as percentages of the larvae invaded in IECs out of all larvae used in each assay and expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent assays. Asterisks indicate significant differences (*P < 0.001) in comparison with pre-immune serum group