Fig. 3

The stringent An. stephensi pEZGs are shorter and have fewer introns compared to other An. stephensi genes. The length (a) and intron number (b) of the pEZGs and other An. stephensi genes are shown in separate boxplots. Gene length is shown on a log₂ scale. For better visualization, the number of introns is shown as log₂ (intron number plus 1). For each box plot, the median is shown as an orange horizontal line, the upper boundary of the box indicates the third quartile (Q3), and the lower boundary of the box indicates the first quartile (Q1). Note that the first quartile of the number of introns in the pEZGs is the same of the median. According to a one-tailed Wilcoxon test, the 70 stringent EZGs are shorter (P = 0.0211) and have fewer introns (P = 0.005317) compared to other genes in An. stephensi